项目中使用分布式并发部署定时任务，多台跨JVM，按照常理逻辑每个JVM的定时任务会各自运行，这样就会存在问题，多台分布式JVM机器的应用服务同时干活，一个是加重服务负担，另外一个是存在严重的逻辑问题，
比如需要回滚的数据，就回滚了多次，刚好quartz提供很好的解决方案。
集群分布式并发环境中使用QUARTZ定时任务调度，会在各个节点会上报任务，存到数据库中，执行时会从数据库中取出触发器来执行，如果触发器的名称和执行时间相同，则只有一个节点去执行此任务。
如果此节点执行失败，则此任务则会被分派到另一节点执行，中途也会自动检查失效的定时调度，发现不成功的，其他节点立马接过来继续完成定时任务。对应的定时任务调度表比较多，有11个。
此方法是结合Spring与quartz，实际解决方案如下：
####applicationContext-scheduler.xml### spring 3.11
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.2.xsd"> <context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule" /> <bean id="rollbackOrderStatus" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean"> <property name="jobClass" value="com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule.ReleaseQtyAndUpdateOrderStatusSchedule" /> <property name="durability" value="true" /> </bean> <bean id="rollbackOrderStatusTrigger" class="com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule.PersistableCronTriggerFactoryBean"> <property name="jobDetail" ref="rollbackOrderStatus" /> <property name="cronExpression"> <value>0 0/5 * * * ?</value> </property> <property name="timeZone"> <value>GMT+8:00</value> </property> </bean> <bean id="quartzScheduler" parent="baseQuartzScheduler"> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:quartz.properties" /> <property name="autoStartup" value="true" /> <!-- This name is persisted as SCHED_NAME in db. for local testing could change to unique name to avoid collision with dev server --> <property name="schedulerName" value="apiQuartzScheduler" /> <!-- NOTE: Must add both the jobDetail and trigger to the scheduler! --> <property name="triggers"> <list> <ref bean="rollbackOrderStatusTrigger" /> </list> </property> <property name="jobDetails"> <list> <ref bean="rollbackOrderStatus" /> </list> </property> </bean> <bean id="baseQuartzScheduler" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean"> <!-- <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:quartz.properties" /> --> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="transactionManager" ref="transManager" /> <!-- This name is persisted as SCHED_NAME in db. for local testing could change to unique name to avoid collision with dev server --> <property name="schedulerName" value="quartzScheduler" /> <!-- Will update database cron triggers to what is in this jobs file on each deploy. Replaces all previous trigger and job data that was in the database. YMMV --> <property name="overwriteExistingJobs" value="true" /> <!-- <property name="autoStartup" value="true" /> --> <property name="applicationContextSchedulerContextKey" value="applicationContext" /> <property name="jobFactory"> <bean class="com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule.AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory" /> </property> <!-- NOTE: Must add both the jobDetail and trigger to the scheduler! --> <!-- <property name="jobDetails"> <list> </list> </property> <property name="triggers"> <list> </list> </property> --> </bean> </beans>
记得对应下面的三个类文件。
###quartz.properties###
# Using Spring datasource in quartzJobsConfig.xml
# Spring uses LocalDataSourceJobStore extension of JobStoreCMT
org.quartz.jobStore.useProperties=true
org.quartz.jobStore.tablePrefix=QRTZ_
org.quartz.jobStore.isClustered=true
# 10 mins
org.quartz.jobStore.clusterCheckinInterval=600000
org.quartz.scheduler.skipUpdateCheck=true
# Change this to match your DB vendor
org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass=org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
# Needed to manage cluster instances
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceId=AUTO
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName=MY_JOB_SCHEDULER
org.quartz.scheduler.rmi.export=false
org.quartz.scheduler.rmi.proxy=false
org.quartz.threadPool.class=org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool
org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount=10
org.quartz.threadPool.threadPriority=5
org.quartz.threadPool.threadsInheritContextClassLoaderOfInitializingThread=true
# Configure Plugins
org.quartz.plugin.triggHistory.class = \
org.quartz.plugins.history.LoggingTriggerHistoryPlugin
org.quartz.plugin.triggHistory.triggerFiredMessage = \
Trigger \{1\}.\{0\} fired job \{6\}.\{5\} at: \{4, date, HH:mm:ss MM/dd/yyyy}
org.quartz.plugin.triggHistory.triggerCompleteMessage = \
Trigger \{1\}.\{0\} completed firing job \{6\}.\{5\} at \{4, date, HH:mm:ss MM/dd/yyyy\}.
quartz定时调度常用时间点设置
"0 0 12 * * ?" Fire at 12pm (noon) every day "0 15 10 ? * *" Fire at 10:15am every day "0 15 10 * * ?" Fire at 10:15am every day "0 15 10 * * ? *" Fire at 10:15am every day "0 15 10 * * ? 2005" Fire at 10:15am every day during the year 2005 "0 * 14 * * ?" Fire every minute starting at 2pm and ending at 2:59pm, every day "0 0/5 14 * * ?" Fire every 5 minutes starting at 2pm and ending at 2:55pm, every day "0 0/5 14,18 * * ?" Fire every 5 minutes starting at 2pm and ending at 2:55pm, AND fire every 5 minutes starting at 6pm and ending at 6:55pm, every day "0 0-5 14 * * ?" Fire every minute starting at 2pm and ending at 2:05pm, every day "0 10,44 14 ? 3 WED" Fire at 2:10pm and at 2:44pm every Wednesday in the month of March. "0 15 10 ? * MON-FRI" Fire at 10:15am every Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday "0 15 10 15 * ?" Fire at 10:15am on the 15th day of every month "0 15 10 L * ?" Fire at 10:15am on the last day of every month "0 15 10 ? * 6L" Fire at 10:15am on the last Friday of every month "0 15 10 ? * 6L" Fire at 10:15am on the last Friday of every month "0 15 10 ? * 6L 2002-2005" Fire at 10:15am on every last Friday of every month during the years 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005 "0 15 10 ? * 6#3" Fire at 10:15am on the third Friday of every month
真实运行的业务类：ReleaseQtyAndUpdateOrderStatusSchedule.java
应为要持久化等特性操作,需要继承 QuartzJobBean
由于要被持久化,所以不能存放xxxxManager类似对象,
只能从每次从QuartzJobBean注入的ApplicationContext 中去取出
继承QuartzJobBean，实现方法executeInternal
package com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.dennis.walking.api.service.OrderService;
@Component
public class ReleaseQtyAndUpdateOrderStatusSchedule extends QuartzJobBean {
private Log log = LogFactory.getLog(this.getClass());
@Autowired
OrderService orderService;
protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext arg0)
throws JobExecutionException {
log.info("dennis test execute schedule start ");
try {
orderService.releaseQtyAndUpdateOrderStatus();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
log.error("execute ReleaseQtyAndUpdateOrderStatus schedule error:"
+ e.getMessage());
}
log.info("dennis test exxcute schedule end");
}
}
持久化数据：PersistableCronTriggerFactoryBean.java 保存数据到数据库中
package com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailAwareTrigger;
/**
* Needed to set Quartz useProperties=true when using Spring classes, because
* Spring sets an object reference on JobDataMap that is not a String
*
* @see http://site.trimplement.com/using-spring-and-quartz-with-jobstore-properties
* /
* @see http
* ://forum.springsource.org/showthread.php?130984-Quartz-error-IOException
*/
public class PersistableCronTriggerFactoryBean extends CronTriggerFactoryBean {
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() {
super.afterPropertiesSet();
System.out.println("PersistableCronTriggerFactoryBean-------------------");
// Remove the JobDetail element
getJobDataMap().remove(JobDetailAwareTrigger.JOB_DETAIL_KEY);
}
}
###AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory.java### 使用spring的 bean文件时，需要使用此类
package com.dennis.walking.api.web.schedule;
import org.quartz.spi.TriggerFiredBundle;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.AutowireCapableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SpringBeanJobFactory;
/**
* Autowire Quartz Jobs with Spring context dependencies
*
* @see http
* ://stackoverflow.com/questions/6990767/inject-bean-reference-into-a-quartz
* -job-in-spring/15211030#15211030
*/
public final class AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory extends SpringBeanJobFactory
implements ApplicationContextAware {
private transient AutowireCapableBeanFactory beanFactory;
public void setApplicationContext(final ApplicationContext context) {
beanFactory = context.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory();
}
@Override
protected Object createJobInstance(final TriggerFiredBundle bundle)
throws Exception {
final Object job = super.createJobInstance(bundle);
beanFactory.autowireBean(job);
System.out.println("AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory-------------------");
return job;
}
}
###tables_mysql.sql### 需要建立的11张表
#
# Quartz seems to work best with the driver mysql-connector-java-5.1.34-bin.jar
#
# PLEASE consider using mysql with innodb tables to avoid locking issues
#
# In your Quartz properties file, you'll need to set
# org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
#
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_LOCKS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CALENDARS;
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS
(
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL,
JOB_CLASS_NAME VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL,
IS_DURABLE VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
IS_UPDATE_DATA VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
JOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_TRIGGERS
(
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL,
NEXT_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
PREV_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
PRIORITY INTEGER NULL,
TRIGGER_STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_TYPE VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL,
START_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
END_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
CALENDAR_NAME VARCHAR(200) NULL,
MISFIRE_INSTR SMALLINT(2) NULL,
JOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS
(
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
REPEAT_COUNT BIGINT(7) NOT NULL,
REPEAT_INTERVAL BIGINT(12) NOT NULL,
TIMES_TRIGGERED BIGINT(10) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS
(
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
CRON_EXPRESSION VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TIME_ZONE_ID VARCHAR(80),
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS
(
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
STR_PROP_1 VARCHAR(512) NULL,
STR_PROP_2 VARCHAR(512) NULL,
STR_PROP_3 VARCHAR(512) NULL,
INT_PROP_1 INT NULL,
INT_PROP_2 INT NULL,
LONG_PROP_1 BIGINT NULL,
LONG_PROP_2 BIGINT NULL,
DEC_PROP_1 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL,
DEC_PROP_2 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL,
BOOL_PROP_1 VARCHAR(1) NULL,
BOOL_PROP_2 VARCHAR(1) NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS
(
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
BLOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CALENDARS
(
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
CALENDAR_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
CALENDAR BLOB NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,CALENDAR_NAME)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS
(
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS
(
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
ENTRY_ID VARCHAR(95) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
FIRED_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
SCHED_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
PRIORITY INTEGER NOT NULL,
STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NULL,
JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NULL,
IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR(1) NULL,
REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,ENTRY_ID)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE
(
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
LAST_CHECKIN_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
CHECKIN_INTERVAL BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME)
);
CREATE TABLE QRTZ_LOCKS
(
SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
LOCK_NAME VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,LOCK_NAME)
);
commit;
###如果定时任务比较多，建议增加索引提升速度。
/*
reate index idx_qrtz_j_req_recovery on qrtz_job_details(SCHED_NAME,REQUESTS_RECOVERY);
create index idx_qrtz_j_grp on qrtz_job_details(SCHED_NAME,JOB_GROUP);
create index idx_qrtz_t_j on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP);
create index idx_qrtz_t_jg on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,JOB_GROUP);
create index idx_qrtz_t_c on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,CALENDAR_NAME);
create index idx_qrtz_t_g on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP);
create index idx_qrtz_t_state on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_STATE);
create index idx_qrtz_t_n_state on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP,TRIGGER_STATE);
create index idx_qrtz_t_n_g_state on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP,TRIGGER_STATE);
create index idx_qrtz_t_next_fire_time on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,NEXT_FIRE_TIME);
create index idx_qrtz_t_nft_st on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_STATE,NEXT_FIRE_TIME);
create index idx_qrtz_t_nft_misfire on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,MISFIRE_INSTR,NEXT_FIRE_TIME);
create index idx_qrtz_t_nft_st_misfire on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,MISFIRE_INSTR,NEXT_FIRE_TIME,TRIGGER_STATE);
create index idx_qrtz_t_nft_st_misfire_grp on qrtz_triggers(SCHED_NAME,MISFIRE_INSTR,NEXT_FIRE_TIME,TRIGGER_GROUP,TRIGGER_STATE);
create index idx_qrtz_ft_trig_inst_name on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME);
create index idx_qrtz_ft_inst_job_req_rcvry on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME,REQUESTS_RECOVERY);
create index idx_qrtz_ft_j_g on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP);
create index idx_qrtz_ft_jg on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,JOB_GROUP);
create index idx_qrtz_ft_t_g on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP);
create index idx_qrtz_ft_tg on qrtz_fired_triggers(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP);
*/
本文测试软件环境使用的jar版本是：
quartz-2.2.1.jar mysql-connector-java-5.1.34.jar
linux apache-tomcat-7.0.47 ava version "1.7.0_72" 64位
windows7 java version "1.7.0_45" 64位 jetty
Quartz是一个开放源码项目，专注于任务调度器，提供了极为广泛的特性如持久化任务，集群和分布式任务等。 Quartz核心是调度器，还采用多线程管理。
1.持久化任务：当应用程序停止运行时，所有调度信息不被丢失，当你重新启动时，调度信息还存在，这就是持久化任务（保存到数据库表中）。
2.集群和分布式处理：当在集群环境下，当有配置Quartz的多个客户端时（节点），采用Quartz的集群和分布式处理时，我们要了解几点好处
1) 一个节点无法完成的任务，会被集群中拥有相同的任务的节点取代执行。
2） Quartz调度是通过触发器的类别来识别不同的任务，在不同的节点定义相同的触发器的类别，这样在集群下能稳定的运行，一个节点无法完成的任务，会被集群中拥有相同的任务的节点取代执行。
3）分布式体现在当相同的任务定时在一个时间点，在那个时间点，不会被两个节点同时执行。
Quartz的 Task（11 张表）实例化采用数据库存储，基于数据库引擎及 High-Available 的策略（集群的一种策略）自动协调每个节点的 Quartz。
参考文章：
http://www.blogjava.net/paulwong/archive/2014/11/14/420104.html
http://blog.csdn.net/congcong68/article/details/39252897
http://blog.csdn.net/congcong68/article/details/39256307