译者 summersnow
It is really hard to tell which animal is the most poisonous in the world. The one that has the most toxic chemicals? The one that kills the biggest amount of people a year? Or maybe the one with the biggest amount of poison? First of all, I have to admit that the title is a bit incorrect, because there is a difference between poisonous and venomous animals. A poisonous animal carries harmful chemicals called toxins primarily used for self defense. Therefore venomous animals deliver their toxins by stinging, stabbing, or biting. So poisonous animals are passive killers, while venomous animals are active killers. Nevertheless, theory aside, they are all really dangerous. So look really closely at each photo, cause next time you meet them can be the last 、 you ever see.
最毒的动物？该怎么划分：是身上具有最毒的化学物质，一年之内杀死最多的人，含有毒素最多的？首先，我不得不承认，这有点弊端，毕竟，"毒”的种类还是很多的。通常带毒素的动物会把它视为一种防御工具。可以是叮、咬、蜇。所以，这些动物可以是被动的，也可以是主动的。但从科学的角度，它们是危险的。请仔细看好了，或许你下次看见它们的时候会是你最后一次！
10 Puffer Fish
10 河豚
Puffer Fish are the second most poisonous vertebrate on earth (the first one is golden dart Frog). The meat of some species is a delicacy in both Japan (as fugu) and Korea (as bok-uh) but the problem is that the skin and certain organs of many puffer fish are very poisonous to humans. This puffy fish produce rapid and violent death..Puffer’s poisoning causes deadening of the tongue and lips, dizziness, vomiting, rapid heart rate, difficulty breathing, and muscle paralysis. Victims die from suffocation as diaphragm muscles are paralyzed. Most of the victims die after four to 24 hours. There is no known antidote, Most deaths from fugu happen when untrained people catch and prepare the fish. Statistics show that there were 20 to 44 incidents of fugu poisoning per year between 1996 and 2006 in all of Japan and up to six incidents per year led to death. Since Fugu’s poison can cause near instantaneous death, only licensed chefs are allowed to prepare it.
河豚可算是地球上第二毒的动物（排在第一位的是金镖蛙）。大家都知道，在日本（读作fugu),韩国（bok-uh)都有吃河豚肉的习惯，但是它的表皮和器官是对人有毒的，会引起快速猛烈的窒息。一旦中毒，会口唇发白，晕眩，呕吐，心跳加速，呼吸困难，痉挛，中毒者最后会因肌肉横膈膜窒息而死。通常会在24小时内死亡。到现在都没有解药。大多数受害者都是在不知情的情况下中毒的。研究表明，在1996到2006，日本每年因河豚而死的人数从44例中20例上身到26例。因为中毒的即发性，只有有执照的主厨才能对河豚进行烹饪。
9 Poison Dart Frog
9 毒镖蛙
If you ever happen to be running through the rain forests somewhere in Central or South America, do not ever pick up beautiful and colorful frogs – it can be the Poison Dart Frog. This frog is probably the most poisonous animal on earth.The 2 inch long (5cm) golden poison dart frog has enough venom to kill 10 adult humans or 20,000 mice. Only 2 micrograms of this lethal toxin (the amount that fits on the head of a pin) is capable of killing a human or other large mammal. They are called “dart frogs” because indigenous Amerindians’ use of their toxic secretions to poison the tips of their blow-darts. Poison dart frogs keep their poison in their skins and will sicken or kill anybody who touches or eats it.
你是否曾在美洲中部或是南美洲的热带雨林奔跑的时候随手抓住一只色彩斑斓漂亮的青蛙——那可能是毒镖蛙，它可能是陆地上最毒的青蛙了。这种身长仅2英尺（5里面）的金镖蛙所含有的毒素足以杀死10个成年人，20000只老鼠。只要2毫克（相当于大头针顶部的重量）就能将一个成人或是一大堆的动物致死。之所以称为“镖蛙”是因为当地的印第安人会用它们的毒素来制造“毒箭”。毒镖蛙的毒素藏匿在它们的皮肤里面，一旦你触碰会是吃了毒镖蛙，可是没得“下次小心”哦！
8 Inland Taipan
8 内陆大班
The prize for “The World’s Most Venomous Snake” goes to the Inland Taipan of Australia. Just a single bite from this snake contains enough venom to kill 100 human adults or an army of 250,000 mice. Its venom is at least 200 – 400 times more toxic than a common cobra. The Inland Taiwan’s extremely neurotoxic venom can kill an adult human in as little as 45 minutes. Fortunately this snake is very shy and there have been no documented human fatalities (all known bites were treated with antivenin).
摘得“最毒蛇”皇冠的是澳大利亚的内陆大班。被咬一口所释放的毒素足以杀死100个成年人或是250000只的老鼠。毒素的强度是眼镜蛇的200-400倍，能在45分钟内将一成人致死。幸运的是，大班性子比较温和，目前还没有伤人的记录（有也是事前先服用抗蛇毒血清的）。
7 The Brazilian wandering spider
7 巴西蜘蛛
he Brazilian Wandering Spider (Phoneutria) or banana spider appears in the Guinness Book of World Records 2007 for the most venomous spider and is the spider responsible for most human deaths. This spider is believed to have the most potent neurotoxic venom of any living spider. Only 0.006mg (0.00000021oz) is sufficient to kill a mouse. They are also so dangerous because of their wandering nature. They often hide during daytime in highly populated areas inside houses, clothes, boots, and cars. Its venomous bite causes not only intense pain, the venom of the spider can also cause priapism – uncomfortable erections lasting for many hours that lead to impotence.
在2007年的吉尼斯世界记录一书中，巴西蜘蛛被认为是最毒的蜘蛛，且要为一大堆人的生命负责。只要0.006毫克（0.00000021盎司）的毒素就足以杀死一只老鼠。另一个原因是它们总是在自然界中任意游走。白天的时候总会藏在人多的房子里面，衣服，鞋子，车，都是它们的藏身之处。一旦被咬，不仅会感到巨痛，还会引起阴茎持续勃起症 ，持续时间太长的话就会引起阳痿。
6 Stonefish
6 石头鱼
Maybe Stonefish would never win a beauty contest, but it would definitely win the top prize for being “The World Most Venomous Fish”. Its venom causes such a severe pain that the victims of its sting want the affected limb to be amputated. It is described as the worst pain known to man. It is accompanied with possible shock, paralysis, and tissue death. If not given medical attention within a couple of hours It can be fatal to humans. Stonefish stores its toxins in gruesome-looking spines that are designed to hurt would-be predators. Stonefish mostly live above the tropic of Capricorn, often found in the shallow tropical marine waters of the Pacific and Indian oceans, ranging from the Red Sea to the Queensland Great Barrier Reef.
或许石头鱼再怎样都无法摘得选美比赛的桂冠，可是它却是世界上最毒的鱼。毒素所引起的巨痛只能通过截肢来缓解，被认为是最糟糕的伤痛。且同时伴随着颤栗，麻痹，组织死亡等。若不在一两个小时内得到治疗的话，就可能毙命。石头鱼的毒素都藏在为了抵御捕食者的可拍肉刺里。石头鱼大多生活在Capricorn的上游，有时候也会在太平洋或是印度洋看到它们的身影。从红海一路到昆士兰州的大堡礁 。
5 Death Stalker Scorpion
5 致命毒蝎
Contrarily to the popular belief most of the scorpions are relatively harmless to humans as stings produce only local effects (pain, numbness or swelling). However, the Death Starker Scorpion is highly dangerous species because its venom is a powerful cocktail of neurotoxins which causes an intense and unbearable pain, then fever, followed by coma, convulsions, paralysis and death. Fortunately, while a sting from this scorpion is extremely painful, it would be unlikely to kill a healthy, adult human. Young children, the old, or infirm (with a heart condition) are at the biggest risk. Death stalker scorpions are spread in North Africa and Middle East.
和人类所想的，大多数的蝎子是无毒的，会痛是因为蛰咬引起的（痛，麻痹，肿胀）观念不同，致命毒蝎是很危险的物种，不仅会引起无法忍受的巨痛，且会发热，接着昏迷，抽搐，瘫痪，最后死亡。幸运的是，被蛰可能会很痛，但还不足以杀死一个成年人。但小孩，老年人，会是体弱的人（有心脏病的）就会很危险。致命毒蝎分布在非洲的北部和中东。
4 Blue-Ringed Octopus
4 蓝还章鱼
The Blue-Ringed Octopus is very small, only the size of a golf ball, but its venom is so powerful that can kill a human. Actually it carries enough poison to kill 26 adult humans within minutes, and there is no antidote. They are currently recognized as one of the world’s most venomous animals. Its painless bite may seem harmless, but the deadly neurotoxins begin working immediately resulting in muscular weakness, numbness, followed by a cessation and breathing and ultimately death. They can be found in tide pools in the Pacific Ocean, from Japan to Australia.
蓝环章鱼很小，只有一个高尔夫球那么大。但毒素却是致命的。事实上，它身上带有的毒素能在几分钟内杀死26个成年人，且没有解药。它们通常被认为是世界上最毒的动物。它们无痛的叮咬看起来没什么，可是毒素能瞬间起作用，导致肌肉无力，麻木，接着呼吸停止，最后死亡。能在日本到澳大利亚的太平洋区域的潮水里看到它们。
3 Marbled Cone Snail
3 锥形蜗牛
This little beautiful looking Marbled Cone snail can be as deadly as any other animal on this list. One drop of its venom is so powerful that it can kill more than 20 humans. If you ever happen to be in warm salt water environment (where these snails are often found) and see it, don’t even think of picking it up. Of course, the true purpose of its venom is to catch its prey. Symptoms of a cone snail sting can start immediately or can be delayed in onset for days. It results in intense pain, swelling, numbness and tingling. Severe cases involve muscle paralysis, vision changes and breathing failure. There is no antivenom. However, only about 30 human deaths have been recorded from cone snail envenomation.
这只有着漂亮大理石外壳的锥形蜗牛，像这里提到的动物一样，也是致命的。一滴它的毒素能杀死20多个人。如果你恰巧在温暖的盐水环境（通常被发现的地方）看见它，可别想到要去捡它。它的毒素就是用来防御捕食者的。中毒后的症状可能马上或是几天内出现。症状包括巨痛，抽搐，无力，麻痹。严重的话会肢体瘫痪，幻觉，最后死亡。到目前，这也是没解药的。还好，目前只有30人因 它而死。
2 King Cobra
2 眼镜王蛇
The King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) is the world’s longest venomous snake – growing up to 5.6 m (18.5 ft) in length. Ophiophagus, literally means “snake-eater” as it eats other snakes. One single bite of this deadly snake can easily kill a human. This snake is even capable of killing a full-grown Asian Elephant within 3 hours if the larger animal is bitten in a vulnerable area such as the trunk. It’s venom is not as toxic as other venomous snakes, but King Cobra is capable of injecting 5 times more venom than black mamba and can result in mortality up to 5 times faster than that of the black mamba. It is quite widespread, ranging across South and South-east Asia, living in dense highland forests.
眼镜王蛇（眼镜王蛇属汉纳）是世界上最长的毒蛇。能长到5.6米（18.6英尺）。眼镜王蛇，确切的说，是蛇鹫，因为它是别的种类的蛇。人类被咬一口就会死亡。它甚至能一只杀死成年大象，要是一只成年亚洲大象最软弱的地方像是鼻子被咬上三个小时。它的毒素强度或许不像其它的蛇，但是却能释放比黑曼多5倍的毒素，且死亡率也是黑慢的5倍数。它的遍布很广，从亚洲的南部到中南部，生活在浓密的高地森林里。
1 Box Jellyfish
1 箱型水母
The top prize for “The World Most Venomous Animal,” would go to the Box Jellyfish. It has caused at least 5,567 recorded deaths since 1954. Their venom is among the most deadly in the world. It’s toxins attack the heart, nervous system, and skin cells. And the worst part of it is that jelly box venom is so overpoweringly painful, that human victims go in shock, drown or die of heart failure before even reaching shore. Survivors experience pain weeks after the contact with box jellies. You have virtually no chance to survive the venomous sting, unless treated immediately. After a sting, vinegar should be applied for a minimum of 30 seconds. Vinegar has acetic acid, which disables the box jelly’s nematocysts that have not yet discharged into the bloodstream (though it will not alleviate the pain). Wearing panty hose while swimming is also a good prevention measure since it can prevent jellies from being able to harm your legs.Jelly box can be found in the waters around Asia and Australia.
排在第一位的是箱型水母，自1954年就创造了致5.567人死亡的记录。它们的毒液也是排名最前的。会扩散到心脏，神经系统，皮肤细胞。更严重的是往往人们未能上岸求助就因巨痛而溺水死亡。存货下来的也要和巨痛做斗争。若是没及时治疗的话，你是活不了的 。一旦被咬，30分钟内就能毒发。醋含有酸性物质能预防毒液在血液中扩散（但不能减缓疼痛）。在游泳的时候穿上女式长袜能避免你的腿部被袭击。箱型水母能在亚洲和澳大利亚的水域里发现。
