「学习笔记-Linux」学习Shell Script
- - CSDN博客系统运维推荐文章学习Shell Script. 1 什么是Shell Scipt. 2.2 例2 按日期建立相似名字的文件. 3.2.4 整数,字符串,多重条件判断. 4 Shell Script 参数. 5.2 if else 结构. 8 shell script的追踪与Debug. 1 什么是Shell Scipt.
使用指令和基本程序设计结构写成的程序,可以完成复杂的处理流程
# !/bin/bash # Program: # This program shows "Hello Wrold" in your screen. # History: # 2013/2/3 on_1y First release PATH=$PATH export PATH echo -e "Hello World!\a\n" exit 0
注:用bash和用source的不同在于,用bash执行时,shell script其实是在在父程序bash下新建了一个 bash子程序,这个子程序中执行,当程序执行完后,shell script里定义的变量都会随子程序的结束而消失, 而用source执行时,是在父程序bash中执行,shell script里定义的变量都还在。
# !/bin/bash # Program: # This program is used to read user's input # History: # 2013/2/3 on_1y First release PATH=$PATH export PATH read -p "Your first name:" firstname # tell user to input read -p "Your last name:" lastname # tell user to input echo -e "\nYour full name: $firstname $lastname" exit 0
$ bash sh02.sh Your first name:Minix Your last name:007 Your full name: Minix 007
# !/bin/bash # Program: # This program is used to create files according to date # History: # 2013/2/3 on_1y First release PATH=$PATH export PATH # Get filename from user echo -e "I will use 'touch' to create three files." read -p "Please input your filename:" tmpfilename # Prevent the user input [Enter] # Check whether filename exists or not filename=${tmpfilename:-"filename"} # Get the final filename according to date date1=$(date --date='2 days ago' +%Y%m%d) # date of 2 days ago date2=$(date --date='1 days ago' +%Y%m%d) # date of yesterday date3=$(date +%Y%m%d) # date of today filename1=${filename}${date1} filename2=${filename}${date2} filename3=${filename}${date3} # Create file touch "$filename1" touch "$filename2" touch "$filename3" exit 0
$ bash sh03.sh I will use 'touch' to create three files. Please input your filename:WhoKnows $ ls W* WhoKnows20130201 WhoKnows20130202 WhoKnows20130203
test -e filename会根据filename是否存在返回0或1,再交由echo显示结果
$ test -e sh01.sh && echo "Exists" || echo "Not exists" Exists $ test -e sh0x.sh && echo "Exists" || echo "Not exists" Not exists
例:输出指定文件类型及属性
# !/bin/bash # Program: # This program is used to output type and permission of the target file # History: # 2013/2/3 on_1y First release PATH=$PATH export PATH # Get filename from user echo -e "Input name of the file that you want to check.\n" read -p "Filename:" filename test -z $filename && echo "You must input a filename." && exit 0 # Check whether the file exists or not test ! -e $filename && echo "The file '$filename' DO NOT exists" && exit 0 # Check type and permission of the file test -f $filename && filetype="regular file" test -d $filename && filetype="directory" test -r $filename && perm="readable" test -w $filename && perm="$perm writable" test -x $filename && perm="$perm executable" # Output result echo "The filename:$filename is a $filetype" echo "And Permissions are :$perm" exit 0
$ bash sh04.sh Input name of the file that you want to check. Filename:sh01.sh The filename:sh01.sh is a regular file And Permissions are :readable writable executable
$ [ -e "sh01.sh" ] ; echo $? 0 $ [ -e "sh0x.sh" ] ; echo $? 1
# !/bin/bash # Program: # This program is used to ouput parameter of the shell script # History: # 2013/2/3 on_1y First release PATH=$PATH export PATH echo "The script's name is ==> $0" echo "Total parameter number is ==> $#" # Check whether number of the parameter is less than 2 [ "$#" -lt 2 ] && echo "The number of parameter is less than 2.Stop here." && exit 0 echo "The whole parameter is ==> '$@'" echo "The first parameter is ==> $1" echo "The first parameter is ==> $2" exit 0
$ bash sh05.sh 1a 2b 3c 4d The script's name is ==> sh05.sh Total parameter number is ==> 4 The whole parameter is ==> '1a 2b 3c 4d' The first parameter is ==> 1a The first parameter is ==> 2b
注:从以上程序可以看出与参数有关的预设变量如何表示
# !/bin/bash # Program: # This program is used to show if else expression # History: # 2013/2/3 on_1y First release PATH=$PATH export PATH read -p "Please input [Y/N]" choice if [ "$choice" == "Y" ] || [ "$choice" == "y" ];then echo "OK, continue" exit 0 fi if [ "$choice" == "N" ] || [ "$choice" == "n" ];then echo "Oh, interupt" exit 0 fi exit 0
$ bash sh06.sh Please input [Y/N]y OK, continue $ bash sh06.sh Please input [Y/N]n Oh, interupt
# !/bin/bash # Program: # This program is used to show if else expression # History: # 2013/2/3 on_1y First release PATH=$PATH export PATH read -p "Please input [Y/N]" choice if [ "$choice" == "Y" ] || [ "$choice" == "y" ];then echo "OK, continue" exit 0 elif [ "$choice" == "N" ] || [ "$choice" == "n" ];then echo "Oh, interupt" exit 0 else echo "Input [Y/N]" fi exit 0
# !/bin/bash # Program: # This program is used to show case expression # History: # 2013/2/3 on_1y First release PATH=$PATH export PATH read -p "Tell me your choice:[1-3]=>" choice case $choice in "1") echo "Your choice is ONE" ;; "2") echo "Your choice is TWO" ;; "3") echo "Your choice is THREE" ;; esac exit 0
$ bash sh08.sh Tell me your choice:[1-3]=>2 Your choice is TWO $ bash sh08.sh Tell me your choice:[1-3]=>1 Your choice is ONE $ bash sh08.sh Tell me your choice:[1-3]=>3 Your choice is THREE
# !/bin/bash # Program: # This program is used to test function # History: # 2013/2/3 on_1y First release PATH=$PATH export PATH function myprint(){ echo -n "Your choice is " } read -p "Tell me your choice:[1-3]=>" choice case $choice in "1") myprint; echo "ONE" ;; "2") myprint; echo "TWO" ;; "3") myprint; echo "THREE" ;; esac exit 0
$ bash sh09.sh Tell me your choice:[1-3]=>1 Your choice is ONE $ bash sh09.sh Tell me your choice:[1-3]=>2 Your choice is TWO $ bash sh09.sh Tell me your choice:[1-3]=>3 Your choice is THREE
# !/bin/bash # Program: # This program shows while expression # History: # 2013/2/3 on_1y First release PATH=$PATH export PATH while [ "$choice" != "yes" ] do read -p "Give your choice [yes/no]:" choice done exit 0
$ bash sh10.sh Give your choice [yes/no]:no Give your choice [yes/no]:no Give your choice [yes/no]:nx Give your choice [yes/no]:yes
# !/bin/bash # Program: # This program is used to demo for expression # History: # 2013/2/3 on_1y First release PATH=$PATH export PATH for choice in 1 2 3 do echo "your choice is $choice" done exit 0
$ bash sh11.sh your choice is 1 your choice is 2 your choice is 3