基于注解的Spring MVC的URL与Controller映射关系提取的实现分析
在Spring MVC中,定义了多种URL与Controller映射关系的描述方式。在基于注解的Spring MVC中,采用Java注解的方式描述URL与Controller之间的关系,那么Spring MVC是如何获取这些映射关系,并将其注册到handlerMap中呢?这些问题将是本文研究的重点。
Spring MVC使用HandlerMapping接口抽象表示通过请求获取Controller的行为,在使用注解驱动的Spring MVC中,HandlerMapping的具体实现类为:DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping,该类继承自 AbstractDetectingHandlerMapping,在AbstractDetectingHandlerMapping类中,定义了方法 detectHandlers(),这个方法的目的在于取得所有可能的Controller,并将URL与Controller的映射关系注册到 handlerMap中。首先开一下这个方法的代码实现。
- //Register all handlers found in the current ApplicationContext.
- protected void detectHandlers() throws BeansException {
- if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
- logger.debug("Looking for URL mappings in application context: " + getApplicationContext());
- }
- //取得容器中的搜有bean
- String[] beanNames = (this.detectHandlersInAncestorContexts ?
- BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(getApplicationContext(), Object.class) :
- getApplicationContext().getBeanNamesForType(Object.class));
- // Take any bean name that we can determine URLs for.
- for (String beanName : beanNames) {
- //取得每个bean可以处理的url
- String[] urls = determineUrlsForHandler(beanName);
- if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(urls)) {
- // URL paths found: Let's consider it a handler.
- //注册,将url与controller的映射关系注册到handlerMap中
- registerHandler(urls, beanName);
- }
- else {
- if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
- logger.debug("Rejected bean name '" + beanName + "': no URL paths identified");
- }
- }
- }
- }
在AbstractDetectingHandlerMapping中,determineUrlsForHandler(String beanName)是一个抽象方法,由具体的子类给出实现,这里我们需要关注的是DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping类是如何实现该方法的。代码如下:
- protected String[] determineUrlsForHandler(String beanName) {
- ApplicationContext context = getApplicationContext();
- Class<?> handlerType = context.getType(beanName);
- //取得该bean类级别的RequestMapping注解
- RequestMapping mapping = context.findAnnotationOnBean(beanName, RequestMapping.class);
- if (mapping != null) {
- // @RequestMapping found at type level
- this.cachedMappings.put(handlerType, mapping);
- Set<String> urls = new LinkedHashSet<String>();
- String[] typeLevelPatterns = mapping.value();
- if (typeLevelPatterns.length > 0) {
- // @RequestMapping specifies paths at type level
- //获取方法中RequestMapping中定义的URL。(RequestMapping可以定义在类上,也可以定义在方法上)
- String[] methodLevelPatterns = determineUrlsForHandlerMethods(handlerType);
- for (String typeLevelPattern : typeLevelPatterns) {
- if (!typeLevelPattern.startsWith("/")) {
- typeLevelPattern = "/" + typeLevelPattern;
- }
- //将类级别定义的URL与方法级别定义的URL合并(合并规则后面再详解),合并后添加到该bean可以处理的URL集合中
- for (String methodLevelPattern : methodLevelPatterns) {
- String combinedPattern = getPathMatcher().combine(typeLevelPattern, methodLevelPattern);
- addUrlsForPath(urls, combinedPattern);
- }
- //将类级别定义的URL添加到该bean可以处理的URL集合中
- addUrlsForPath(urls, typeLevelPattern);
- }
- return StringUtils.toStringArray(urls);
- }
- else {
- // actual paths specified by @RequestMapping at method level
- //如果类级别的RequestMapping没有指定URL,则返回方法中RequestMapping定义的URL
- return determineUrlsForHandlerMethods(handlerType);
- }
- }
- else if (AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(handlerType, Controller.class) != null) {
- // @RequestMapping to be introspected at method level
- //如果类级别没有定义RequestMapping,但是定义了Controller注解,将返回方法中RequestMapping定义的URL
- return determineUrlsForHandlerMethods(handlerType);
- }
- else {
- //类级别即没有定义RequestMapping,也没有定义Controller,则返回null
- return null;
- }
- }
上述代码是Spring处理类级别的RequestMapping注解,但是RequestMapping注解也可以定义在方法级别上,determineUrlsForHandlerMethods()方法是获取该类中定义了RequestMapping注解的方法能够处理的所有 URL。下面看一下该方法的实现。
- protected String[] determineUrlsForHandlerMethods(Class<?> handlerType) {
- final Set<String> urls = new LinkedHashSet<String>();
- //类型有可能是代理类,如果是代理类,则取得它的所有接口
- Class<?>[] handlerTypes =
- Proxy.isProxyClass(handlerType) ? handlerType.getInterfaces() : new Class<?>[]{handlerType};
- for (Class<?> currentHandlerType : handlerTypes){
- //依次处理该类的所有方法
- ReflectionUtils.doWithMethods(currentHandlerType, new ReflectionUtils.MethodCallback() {
- public void doWith(Method method) {
- //取得方法界别的RequestMapping
- RequestMapping mapping = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, RequestMapping.class);
- if (mapping != null) {
- //获取可以处理的URL
- String[] mappedPaths = mapping.value();
- //将这些URL放入到可处理的URL集合中
- for (String mappedPath : mappedPaths) {
- addUrlsForPath(urls, mappedPath);
- }
- }
- }
- });
- }
- return StringUtils.toStringArray(urls);
- }
分别获取了类和方法级别的RequestMapping中定义的URL后,基本上完成了URL的提取工作,但是有一种情况需要处理:类和方法中同时定义了URL,这两个URL是如何合并的呢?规则又是怎样的呢?看一下URL合并代码:
- public String combine(String pattern1, String pattern2) {
- if (!StringUtils.hasText(pattern1) && !StringUtils.hasText(pattern2)) {
- //如果两个URL都为空,那么返回空
- return "";
- }
- else if (!StringUtils.hasText(pattern1)) {
- //如果第一个为空,返回第二个
- return pattern2;
- }
- else if (!StringUtils.hasText(pattern2)) {
- //如果第二个为空,则返回第一个
- return pattern1;
- }
- else if (match(pattern1, pattern2)) {
- //如果两个URL匹配,则返回第二个
- return pattern2;
- }
- else if (pattern1.endsWith("/*")) {
- if (pattern2.startsWith("/")) {
- // /hotels/* + /booking -> /hotels/booking
- return pattern1.substring(0, pattern1.length() - 1) + pattern2.substring(1);
- }
- else {
- // /hotels/* + booking -> /hotels/booking
- return pattern1.substring(0, pattern1.length() - 1) + pattern2;
- }
- }
- else if (pattern1.endsWith("/**")) {
- if (pattern2.startsWith("/")) {
- // /hotels/** + /booking -> /hotels/**/booking
- return pattern1 + pattern2;
- }
- else {
- // /hotels/** + booking -> /hotels/**/booking
- return pattern1 + "/" + pattern2;
- }
- }
- else {
- int dotPos1 = pattern1.indexOf('.');
- if (dotPos1 == -1) {
- // simply concatenate the two patterns
- if (pattern1.endsWith("/") || pattern2.startsWith("/")) {
- return pattern1 + pattern2;
- }
- else {
- return pattern1 + "/" + pattern2;
- }
- }
- String fileName1 = pattern1.substring(0, dotPos1);
- String extension1 = pattern1.substring(dotPos1);
- String fileName2;
- String extension2;
- int dotPos2 = pattern2.indexOf('.');
- if (dotPos2 != -1) {
- fileName2 = pattern2.substring(0, dotPos2);
- extension2 = pattern2.substring(dotPos2);
- }
- else {
- fileName2 = pattern2;
- extension2 = "";
- }
- String fileName = fileName1.endsWith("*") ? fileName2 : fileName1;
- String extension = extension1.startsWith("*") ? extension2 : extension1;
- return fileName + extension;
- }
- }
通过以上的处理,基本上完成了bean可以处理的URL信息的提取,在代码中有个方法经常出现:addUrlsForPath(),该方法的目的是将 RequestMapping中定义的path添加的URL集合中,如果指定PATH不是以默认的方式结尾,那么Spring将默认的结尾添加到该 path上,并将处理结果添加到url集合中。
- protected void addUrlsForPath(Set<String> urls, String path) {
- urls.add(path);
- if (this.useDefaultSuffixPattern && path.indexOf('.') == -1 && !path.endsWith("/")) {
- urls.add(path + ".*");
- urls.add(path + "/");
- }
- }
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