Python 程序员应该知道的 10 个库
- - 博客 - 伯乐在线Python是优雅的,使用这些库可以使你的代码更简洁,并保持持久性. 抛弃 optparse和 argparse吧,使用 docstrings来构建优雅的,可读性强的,并且复杂(如果你需要的话)的命令行界面. IMO2013年创建的最好的库. Requests,或称为人类使用的HTTP,是一个处理HTTP请求更为pythonic 的方法,比 urllib2更更更好用.
2011-08-22 17:52:54,828 - root - ERROR - [Errno 10104] getaddrinfo failed Traceback (most recent call last): File "<string>", line 124, in main File "<string>", line 20, in __init__ File "h:workspaceprojectbuildpyi.win32mrdjoutPYZ1.pyz/wx._core", line 7978, in __init__ File "h:workspaceprojectbuildpyi.win32mrdjoutPYZ1.pyz/wx._core", line 7552, in _BootstrapApp File "<string>", line 84, in OnInit File "h:workspaceprojectbuildpyi.win32mrdjoutPYZ1.pyz/twisted.internet.wxreactor", line 175, in install File "h:workspaceprojectbuildpyi.win32mrdjoutPYZ1.pyz/twisted.internet._threadedselect", line 106, in __init__ File "h:workspaceprojectbuildpyi.win32mrdjoutPYZ1.pyz/twisted.internet.base", line 488, in __init__ File "h:workspaceprojectbuildpyi.win32mrdjoutPYZ1.pyz/twisted.internet.posixbase", line 266, in installWaker File "h:workspaceprojectbuildpyi.win32mrdjoutPYZ1.pyz/twisted.internet.posixbase", line 74, in __init__ File "h:workspaceprojectbuildpyi.win32mrdjoutPYZ1.pyz/socket", line 224, in meth gaierror: [Errno 10104] getaddrinfo failed
print 'Start reading database' records = model.read_recrods() print '# records', records print 'Updating record ...' model.update_records(records) print 'done'
import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.info('Start reading database')
# read database here
records = {'john': 55, 'tom': 66}
logger.debug('Records: %s', records)
logger.info('Updating records ...')
# update records here
logger.info('Finish updating records')
INFO:__main__:Start reading database INFO:__main__:Updating records ... INFO:__main__:Finish updating records
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
INFO:__main__:Start reading database
DEBUG:__main__:Records: {'john': 55, 'tom': 66}
INFO:__main__:Updating records ...
INFO:__main__:Finish updating records
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
# create a file handler
handler = logging.FileHandler('hello.log')
handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
# create a logging format
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
handler.setFormatter(formatter)
# add the handlers to the logger
logger.addHandler(handler)
logger.info('Hello baby')
def complex_algorithm(items):
for i, item in enumerate(items):
# do some complex algorithm computation
logger.debug('%s iteration, item=%s', i, item)
def handle_request(request):
logger.info('Handling request %s', request)
# handle request here
result = 'result'
logger.info('Return result: %s', result)
def start_service():
logger.info('Starting service at port %s ...', port)
service.start()
logger.info('Service is started')
def authenticate(user_name, password, ip_address):
if user_name != USER_NAME and password != PASSWORD:
logger.warn('Login attempt to %s from IP %s', user_name, ip_address)
return False
# do authentication here
def get_user_by_id(user_id):
user = db.read_user(user_id)
if user is None:
logger.error('Cannot find user with user_id=%s', user_id)
return user
return user
try:
open('/path/to/does/not/exist', 'rb')
except (SystemExit, KeyboardInterrupt):
raise
except Exception, e:
logger.error('Failed to open file', exc_info=True)
ERROR:__main__:Failed to open file
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "example.py", line 6, in <module>
open('/path/to/does/not/exist', 'rb')
IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/path/to/does/not/exist'
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def foo():
logger.info('Hi, foo')
class Bar(object):
def bar(self):
logger.info('Hi, bar')
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def foo():
logger.info('Hi, foo')
class Bar(object):
def bar(self):
logger.info('Hi, bar')
[loggers] keys=root [handlers] keys=consoleHandler [formatters] keys=simpleFormatter [logger_root] level=DEBUG handlers=consoleHandler [handler_consoleHandler] class=StreamHandler level=DEBUG formatter=simpleFormatter args=(sys.stdout,) [formatter_simpleFormatter] format=%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s datefmt=
import logging
def foo():
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.info('Hi, foo')
class Bar(object):
def __init__(self, logger=None):
self.logger = logger or logging.getLogger(__name__)
def bar(self):
self.logger.info('Hi, bar')
import logging
import logging.config
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# load config from file
# logging.config.fileConfig('logging.ini', disable_existing_loggers=False)
# or, for dictConfig
logging.config.dictConfig({
'version': 1,
'disable_existing_loggers': False,
# this fixes the problem
'formatters': {
'standard': {
'format': '%(asctime)s [%(levelname)s] %(name)s: %(message)s'
},
},
'handlers': {
'default': {
'level':'INFO',
'class':'logging.StreamHandler',
},
},
'loggers': {
'': {
'handlers': ['default'],
'level': 'INFO',
'propagate': True
}
}
})
logger.info('It works!')
{
"version": 1,
"disable_existing_loggers": false,
"formatters": {
"simple": {
"format": "%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s"
}
},
"handlers": {
"console": {
"class": "logging.StreamHandler",
"level": "DEBUG",
"formatter": "simple",
"stream": "ext://sys.stdout"
},
"info_file_handler": {
"class": "logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler",
"level": "INFO",
"formatter": "simple",
"filename": "info.log",
"maxBytes": 10485760,
"backupCount": 20,
"encoding": "utf8"
},
"error_file_handler": {
"class": "logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler",
"level": "ERROR",
"formatter": "simple",
"filename": "errors.log",
"maxBytes": 10485760,
"backupCount": 20,
"encoding": "utf8"
}
},
"loggers": {
"my_module": {
"level": "ERROR",
"handlers": ["console"],
"propagate": "no"
}
},
"root": {
"level": "INFO",
"handlers": ["console", "info_file_handler", "error_file_handler"]
}
}
---
version: 1
disable_existing_loggers: False
formatters:
simple:
format: "%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s"
handlers:
console:
class: logging.StreamHandler
level: DEBUG
formatter: simple
stream: ext://sys.stdout
info_file_handler:
class: logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler
level: INFO
formatter: simple
filename: info.log
maxBytes: 10485760
# 10MB
backupCount: 20
encoding: utf8
error_file_handler:
class: logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler
level: ERROR
formatter: simple
filename: errors.log
maxBytes: 10485760
# 10MB
backupCount: 20
encoding: utf8
loggers:
my_module:
level: ERROR
handlers: [console]
propagate: no
root:
level: INFO
handlers: [console, info_file_handler, error_file_handler]
...
import json
import logging.config
def setup_logging(
default_path='logging.json',
default_level=logging.INFO,
env_key='LOG_CFG'
):
"""Setup logging configuration
"""
path = default_path
value = os.getenv(env_key, None)
if value:
path = value
if os.path.exists(path):
with open(path, 'rt') as f:
config = json.load(f)
logging.config.dictConfig(config)
else:
logging.basicConfig(level=default_level)
import os
import logging.config
import yaml
def setup_logging(
default_path='logging.yaml',
default_level=logging.INFO,
env_key='LOG_CFG'
):
"""Setup logging configuration
"""
path = default_path
value = os.getenv(env_key, None)
if value:
path = value
if os.path.exists(path):
with open(path, 'rt') as f:
config = yaml.load(f.read())
logging.config.dictConfig(config)
else:
lo
LOG_CFG=my_logging.json python my_server.py
LOG_CFG=my_logging.yaml python my_server.py