马里兰大学“水舍”获得“太阳能十项全能”建筑竞赛建筑测评第一

译者 xu xiaochang

In the biennial Solar Decathlon house design competition, the sun's energy takes center stage, but this year the University of Maryland team created a house that also highlights our water usage – a characteristic that has no doubt helped the team jump to first place in the esteemed design-build competition put on by the US Department of Energy. Nineteen eco-friendly prefab houses are currently competing on the National Mall in the 2011 Solar Decathlon, and Maryland’s WaterShed house has led the pack through the first week, as judges awarded points in a variety of categories. Just yesterday, WaterShed took first place in Architecture! WaterShed was inspired by the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem and focuses heavily on managing storm water, treating greywater and minimizing water usage. Constructed wetlands around the house and the inclusion of a green roof further help to increase energy efficiency and manage water runoff. We’re excited to see that the beautiful and thoughtfully designed WaterShed is on the road to win!

在“太阳能十项全能”双年竞赛中，太阳能是关注的重点，但今年马里兰大学团队同时强调了水源的使用——这点无疑使他们在备受瞩目的美国能源部主持的“设计-建造”竞赛中获得冠军。19个生态适宜的预制住宅正在国家广场举行的2011年"太阳能十项全能"竞赛中参赛，马里兰大学队的“水舍”经多项评比首周领先。昨天，水舍在建筑测评中获胜！“水舍”项目从切萨皮克海湾（Chesapeake Bay）生态系统中获得灵感，着重强调暴风雨水的利用，废水处理和节省用水。在住宅四周建造湿地，使用绿化屋顶进一步提高能量效率和组织排水。我们兴奋地看到设计上富有深度思考的"水舍"最终夺冠！

Before entering the house, the native landscaping and natural siding stand out. Maryland students made a conscious effort to source plants that could survive with little extra care while remaining local.

进入建筑之前，先看到当地的绿化和自然环境。马里兰的学生们有意识地选择容易存活并保留当地特色的植物绿化住宅周边。

The house is designed to emphasize various connections and cycles. The butterfly roof helps direct rainwater into the constructed wetlands located along the entrance to the house.

这个住宅设计强调多样化的联系和循环。蝶式屋顶帮助引导雨水流入建造在入口两侧的湿地。

The two modules that made up either “wing” of the butterfly are connected by a third, smaller module where the bathroom is located.

两个单元组成蝶式屋顶的“两翼”，由第三个更小的单元卫生间连接。

The bathroom has large windows on either side which has the effect to make residents feel they are in an outdoor environment.

卫生间每边的大玻璃让使用者感受到在室外环境的效果。

The visual emphasis offers a subtle reminder about water usage and how it directly affects the surrounding environment.

视觉上的联系微妙地提醒了使用者水的利用和它对周边环境的直接影响 （很巧妙啊）

Greywater, that is water that comes from the shower, clothes washer or dishwasher, is recycled by the wetlands.

洗澡水，洗衣水和其他清洗废水经湿地被循环

In seven days, microbes are able to filter out nutrients and the water can be re-used for irrigation or other non-potable needs.  

七天里，微生物转化成营养成分（没理解好），废水被再用于灌溉或其他非食用水。

The other two “wings” of WaterShed provide private and social areas which are partitioned by the smaller, bathroom module making for a comfortable work and living environment.

“两翼”提供了私密区和社交区，由更小的卫生间单元分隔成舒适的生活和工作环境。

The more private living quarters serve two functions thanks in part to well-designed convertible furniture. A working table transforms into a bed at night and several tables fit nicely under one another or can be re-arranged depending on how much workspace is needed.

更私密性的起居空间具有两个功能，一定程度上取决于精心设计的可转换式家具。工作台在晚上转换成床，几个桌子尺寸恰当地一个叠一个，或根据工作空间所需大小重新安排。

The 900 square foot home is open and spacious, with an abundance of natural light. The kitchen also boasts custom built furniture that helps maximize the use of space.

900平方英尺（83.6平方米）的家显得开敞而且空间宽阔，并有大量的自然采光。厨房也最大限度地个性化制作家具从而最大化地利用空间。

In the kitchen, non-wheeled tables fit snugly over tables on wheels which also have storage space for the stools underneath.

厨房里，无轮桌子严密地套在有轮桌子上，并在它们下面留有适合凳子的存储空间。

The kitchen is divided from the living space by the "hyphenated" bathroom module. Energy efficient Miele appliances, such as the dishwasher and stove are not only resourceful but also fit in well with the modern, sleek design of the kitchen.

厨房通过“同属性的”卫生间单元（厨房卫生间在住宅中都是服务单元）从起居空间中分出。高效节能的Miele（高端家用电器，商业设备和整体式厨房的德国生产商）电器，如洗碗机和炉灶不仅富于设计而且与现代的、流线光滑的厨房设计融为一体。

A patent-pending University of Maryland student design, the liquid desiccant waterfall is arranged into the wall and helps provide high-efficiency humidity control. The dark wood framing the design is made of locally-sourced oak.

由马里兰大学学生设计、正在申请专利的液态干燥剂水幕被设置在墙体中，以提供高效的湿度控制。黑色的木质框架取材于当地的橡树。

Abundant deck space located directly off the kitchen offers additional space where residents are encouraged to interact with nature.

宽敞的露台空间直接设在厨房外面，给使用者提供了更多与自然互动的空间。

The team included a compost bin on the deck that is easily accessible from the kitchen. An edible garden is planted just off the deck and also up a vertical wall making it easy for residents to use the compost in their garden and harvest produce from the garden each day for use in the kitchen.

项目中还包括了露台上的储肥箱，便于从厨房使用。一个可食种植花园建在露台外面的直墙上，便于使用者在花园中用储肥箱，并每天收获食用的种植物。

Further harvesting the sun's natural energy, the WaterShed solar thermal panel on the back side of the house comprises 60 evacuated glass tubes that use solar energy to heat water for domestic use. The 9.2 kilowatt photovoltaic panels on the roof also provide energy for the home.

为了更好地利用太阳能，“水舍”背面有60个拆卸的玻璃管组成的太阳能加热板为使用者日常用水加热。9.2千瓦光伏的屋顶太阳能板也为住宅提供能源。

Residents can access the porch from almost every room.

使用者几乎可以从每个房间到达门廊

Sleek designs are found throughout the house creating a harmony between efficiency, modernity and simplicity.

光滑设计在屋里随处可见，创造了能效，现代和简约的和谐

Pipes help direct storm water from the roof into cisterns where it can be retained and used for irrigation purposes.

水管将雨水从屋顶引到水池，存储用于灌溉

Maryland students intend for the highly efficient house to be suitable for young, working couples in the Baltimore and Washington D.C. areas.

马里兰的学生有意设计高效房屋用于适合的年轻人和在巴蒂摩尔、华盛顿特区工作的夫妇。

While the upfront investment is slightly higher than other housing options, the long-term benefits of its efficiency combined with the increasing cost of utilities make the design a good option.

尽管前期投资稍高于其他住宅，长期节能效果加上其他住房增长的设备花费使“水舍”是个不错的选择。

A map of watersheds across the United States

整个美国的“水舍”地图

（你的水舍在哪里？
在你出生的附近水域贴上标签）

Maryland's architectural plan for the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon 2011.

建筑平面图

Building cross section drawing done by University of Maryland students for the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon 2011.

建筑剖面图

Maryland's landscape plan for the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon 2011.

景观平面图