十种方法让你成为更好的学习者：第七点——对学习负责

译者 金遮

10 Ways to Be a Better Learner: No. 7 – Be Accountable

十种方法让你成为更好的学习者：第七点——对学习负责

by Jeff Cobb

杰夫.科布

I’m rounding third and heading for home with the “Be a Better Learner” series. This installment aligns well with my previous posts on setting goals and deliberate practice: both of those learning habits call for accountability.

快三点了，我拿着《如何成为更好的学习者》系列往家走去。这一次，依然跟以前我那些关于设立目标和不断练习的文章一样：所提及的这些学习方法都离不开对学习负责。

Too often we set out to learn something, but don’t really hold ourselves to it. Here are three straightforward ways to make sure you hold yourself accountable for learning:

很多时候我们学习某样东西，但却并不能坚持下去。这里有有三种很简单的方法可以让你对自己的学习负责。

1. Declare Yourself

1.告诉大家你的学习计划

Bring some productive social pressure to bear on your learning by telling friends, family members, or colleagues what you plan to do. Or, if you prefer, use a free service like 43 Things (though, as noted in my earlier post on setting goals, I would strongly encourage you not to pursue 43 learning goals at one time!). Even better than simply declaring, report to these people regularly on your progress. Right now, for example, a group of colleagues and I are working towards individual goals that we want to achieve by Labor Day. Each of us e-mails a brief weekly “scoreboard” to the others at the beginning of the week as a way of staying focused on our goals and moving forward on them. (For more on the “scoreboard” concept, see the video I posted in What are your wildly important learning goals?)

告诉你的朋友、家人或者同事你的学习计划。这样一来你就为自己的学习施加了一定的压力，也带来了富有成效的动力。如果你愿意，也可以使用像目标设定分享网站43Things这样的免费服务（当然，正如我在以前谈论目标设定时所说，我绝对不鼓励大家一次追求43个学习目标）。比起仅仅告诉大家你的计划，能够定期汇报你的进步就更好了。例如，我现在跟一群同事正向着各自的目标努力，期望可以在五一劳动节前实现目标。所以，我们每周初都会通过邮件给彼此发一份简短的记分牌，提醒自己坚持目标，不断努力。（有关更多“记分牌”概念的信息请参看《十分重要的学习目标》中所附视频）

Declaring yourself, by the way, can also be a useful technique in cultivating your learning network.

此外，向大家宣布你的学习计划还可以有效地帮助你构建你的学习交流网。

2. Test Yourself

2.不断测验和检索

If you want to move something into long-term memory few methods are more straightforward and effective than testing yourself regularly during the process of learning. When I am trying to memorize a poem, for example, I read it through a few times and them make myself try to repeat as much of it as possible from memory. In learning theory-speak, this process is called “retrieval,” and you do much the same thing when you use flash cards to test your memory of new vocabulary, or force yourself to re-state the key points from a lecture or article in your own words (a practice I also suggested in my post on note-taking). If you want to get fancy, there are any number of tools on the Web for creating flash cards or putting together quizzes and tests.

在学习中定期对自己进行测验是将所学知识转化为长期记忆最为简单有效的方法。举个例子，我要是打算记住一首诗歌，我会先通篇读几遍，然后尽可能地试着回忆起诗歌内容。学习理论中称之为“检索”。其实，当你使用单词抽认卡测验新词记忆情况，用自己的话重复讲座或文章要点时，你也是在“检索”（我在有关记笔记的文章中也建议大家使用这种方法）。如果你感兴趣，网上有许多工具可以制作抽认卡和小测验。

If you would like a more in-depth, research-based discussion of this topic, I recommend Using Testing to Improve Learning and Memory.

如果你想更深入地探讨这个问题并想做一些研究，那我推荐《运用测验提升学习和记忆》。

3. Teach It

3.将所学知识教授出来

Teaching combines the benefits of declaring yourself and testing yourself. No matter what method you use, when you commit to teach something, you make yourself accountable to those seeking to learn from you. And the process of preparing to teach effectively – not to mention the actual act of teaching – requires “retrieval” similar to what testing requires. As a bonus, you get the personal satisfaction of helping others to learn. These days, the opportunities to teach others are myriad. Simply posting to a blog, or sharing your knowledge and experience in a social networks like Facebook or LinkedIn are informal forms of teaching. Or, if you want to be a bit more formal, post an instructional video to YouTube, or take advantage of sites like MindBites or WizIQ. The possibilities for teaching – and learning – are endless.

将所学知识教授出来结合了前两种方法的优势。无论你选取什么样的学习方法，一旦要将所学知识教授出来，你就必须要对请教者负责。在有效准备的过程中就要求不断“检索”，类似于测验中的要求更不用说实际教学过程了。你可以得到的奖励就是帮助别人学习的成就感。当今教授知识的机会有很多。你可以简单地在博客上发个帖子，或在Facebook、LinkedIn等社交网站上分享知识和经验。这些都是一些非正式的教学。如果你想正式一点儿，你可以将教学视频发到YouTube上，或者利用MindBites、WizIQ这样的网站。总之，教与学的机会是无限的。

Those are my suggestions. What are some of the ways you hold yourself accountable for learning? Please comment and share.

这就是我的一些建议。你有什么方法让自己对学习负责吗？请跟大家分享一下吧。

Jeff

杰夫