Shiro系列之Shiro+Mysql实现用户认证(Authentication)

网上大多数介绍Apache Shiro的资料都是使用ini文件的简单配置为例，很少用讲到如何配合数据库来实现用户认证的。我也是刚刚开始接触Shiro，在这里介绍一个入门级别的Shiro+Mysql的配置方法，这个方法仅仅是个开始，并没有和Web，Spring，Mybatis等框架进行整合，后续我还会继续和大家分享我的学习过程及心得。

now we can start the things that we really care about.

数据库中创建一个用户表，字段可以很简单。

CREATE TABLE `sec_user` (
  `user_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `user_name` varchar(64) COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT NULL,
  `password` varchar(128) COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT NULL,
  `created_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `update_time` timestamp NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin

 在表中插入一条记录，用户名：[email protected]，密码：cmao

在resources目录下创建一个ini文件，配置Shiro（后续文件会将此文件内容移至XML文件中）。在这个配置文件中我们要设置数据源，以及用户认证时使用数据库查询语句。这里用到了Shiro中自带的JdbcRealm类。

[main]  
dataSource=org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource
dataSource.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
dataSource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/YOUR_DATABASE_NAME
dataSource.username=YOUR_USERNAME
dataSource.password=YOUR_PASSWORD

jdbcRealm=org.apache.shiro.realm.jdbc.JdbcRealm
jdbcRealm.permissionsLookupEnabled = true  
jdbcRealm.dataSource=$dataSource
jdbcRealm.authenticationQuery = SELECT password FROM sec_user WHERE user_name = ?  
jdbcRealm.userRolesQuery = SELECT role_name FROM sec_role WHERE role_name = ?
jdbcRealm.permissionsQuery = SELECT permission FROM sec_role_permissions WHERE role_name = ? 
 
securityManager.realms=$jdbcRealm

 配置文件写好后，我们就可以动手写个测试方法，来验证是否可以实现用户认证功能了。

package com.emerons.learning;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.DisabledAccountException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.ExcessiveAttemptsException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.ExpiredCredentialsException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.IncorrectCredentialsException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.LockedAccountException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UnknownAccountException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.util.Factory;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

public class JdbcRealmTest {

	@Before
	public void setUp() throws Exception {
	}

	@After
	public void tearDown() throws Exception {
	}

	@Test
	public void test() {
		// 1.获取SecurityManager工厂，此处使用ini配置文件初始化SecurityManager
		Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro-jdbc-realm.ini");
		// 2.获取SecurityManager实例，并绑定到SecurityUtils
		SecurityManager sm = factory.getInstance();
		SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(sm);

		// 3.得到Subject
		Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
		// 4.创建用户登录凭证
		UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("[email protected]", "chrismao");
		// 5.登录，如果登录失败会抛出不同的异常，根据异常输出失败原因
		try {
			subject.login(token);
			// 6.判断是否成功登录
			assertEquals(true, subject.isAuthenticated());
			System.out.println("登录成功！！");
			// 7.注销用户
			subject.logout();
		} catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e) {
			System.out.println("登录密码错误. Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect.");
		} catch (ExcessiveAttemptsException e) {
			System.out.println("登录失败次数过多");
		} catch (LockedAccountException e) {
			System.out.println("帐号已被锁定. The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " was locked.");
		} catch (DisabledAccountException e) {
			System.out.println("帐号已被禁用. The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " was disabled.");
		} catch (ExpiredCredentialsException e) {
			System.out.println("帐号已过期. the account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + "  was expired.");
		} catch (UnknownAccountException e) {
			System.out.println("帐号不存在. There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
		}
	}

}

运行测试代码，得到如下输出：

INFO : org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource - Loaded JDBC driver: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
INFO : org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm - No cache or cacheManager properties have been set.  Authorization cache cannot be obtained.
INFO : org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory - Realms have been explicitly set on the SecurityManager instance - auto-setting of realms will not occur.
INFO : org.apache.shiro.session.mgt.AbstractValidatingSessionManager - Enabling session validation scheduler...
登录成功！！
INFO : org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm - No cache or cacheManager properties have been set.  Authorization cache cannot be obtained.

 我们从日志上可以看到，程序加载了Jdbc驱动，明确指定了realm，这说明我们的Shiro配置文件加载成功。最后看到输出了“登录成功”说明这个认证功能已经实现了。大家也可以试着修改测试代码用的用户名或是密码，可以在控制台看到类似下面的输出，说明也可以抛出正确的异常。

INFO : org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource - Loaded JDBC driver: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
INFO : org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm - No cache or cacheManager properties have been set.  Authorization cache cannot be obtained.
INFO : org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory - Realms have been explicitly set on the SecurityManager instance - auto-setting of realms will not occur.
登录密码错误. Password for account [email protected] was incorrect.

至此，使用Shiro + Mysql实现用户认证（Authentication）的功能已经完成。大家可以在这个基础上，完善实现角色授权（Authroization），操作允可（Permission）等功能。