基于Consul的数据库高可用架构 - yayun - 博客园
几个月没有更新博客了,已经长草了,特意来除草。本次主要分享如何利用consul来实现redis以及mysql的高可用。以前的公司mysql是单机单实例,高可用MHA加vip就能搞定,新公司mysql是单机多实例,那么显然这个方案不适用,后来也实现了故障切换调用dns api来修改域名记录,但是还是没有利用consul来实现高可用方便,后面会说明优势。redis单机多实例最正常不过了,那么redis单机多实例高可用也不太好做,当然也可以利用sentinel来实现,当failover以后调用脚本调用dns api修改域名解析也是可以的。也不是那么的优雅,有人会说怎么不用codis,redis cluster,这些方案固然好,但不适合我们,这些方案不够灵活,不能很好的处理热点数据的问题。那么consul是什么呢,接下慢慢说:
consul是HashiCorp公司(曾经开发过vgrant) 推出的一款开源工具, 基于go语言开发, 轻量级, 用于实现分布式系统的服务发现与配置。 与其他类似产品相比, 提供更“一站式”的解决方案。 consul内置有KV存储, 服务注册/发现, 健康检查, HTTP+DNS API, Web UI等多种功能。官网: https://www.consul.io/其他同类服务发现与配置的主流开源产品有:zookeeper和ETCD。
consul的优势:
1. 支持多数据中心, 内外网的服务采用不同的端口进行监听。 多数据中心集群可以避免单数据中心的单点故障, zookeeper和 etcd 均不提供多数据中心功能的支持
2. 支持健康检查. etcd 不提供此功能.
3. 支持 http 和 dns 协议接口. zookeeper 的集成较为复杂,etcd 只支持 http 协议. 有DNS功能, 支持REST API
4. 官方提供web管理界面, etcd 无此功能.
5. 部署简单, 运维友好, 无依赖, go的二进制程序copy过来就能用了, 一个程序搞定, 可以结合ansible来推送。
Consul和其他服务发现工具的对比表:
Consul 架构和角色
1. Consul Cluster由部署和运行了Consul Agent的节点组成。 在Cluster中有两种角色:Server和 Client。
2. Server和Client的角色和Consul Cluster上运行的应用服务无关, 是基于Consul层面的一种角色划分.
3. Consul Server: 用于维护Consul Cluster的状态信息, 实现数据一致性, 响应RPC请求。官方建议是: 至少要运行3个或者3个以上的Consul Server。 多个server之中需要选举一个leader, 这个选举过程Consul基于Raft协议实现. 多个Server节点上的Consul数据信息保持强一致性。 在局域网内与本地客户端通讯,通过广域网与其他数据中心通讯。Consul Client: 只维护自身的状态, 并将HTTP和DNS接口请求转发给服务端。
4. Consul 支持多数据中心, 多个数据中心要求每个数据中心都要安装一组Consul cluster,多个数据中心间基于gossip protocol协议来通讯, 使用Raft算法实现一致性
基础知识就介绍这么多了,更加详细的可以参考官网。下面我们来搭建一下consul,以及如何利用consul实现redis以及mysql的高可用。
测试环境(生产环境consul server部署3个或者5个):
consul server:192.168.0.10
consul client:192.168.0.20,192.168.0.30,192.168.0.40
consul的安装非常容易,从 https://www.consul.io/downloads.html这里下载以后,解压即可使用,就是一个二进制文件,其他的都没有了。我这里使用的是0.92版本。文件下载以后解压放到/usr/local/bin。就可以使用了。不依赖任何东西。上面的4台服务器都安装。
4台机器都创建目录,分别是放配置文件,以及存放数据的。以及存放redis,mysql的健康检查脚本
mkdir/etc/consul.d/ -p &&mkdir/data/consul/ -p
mkidr /data/consul/shell -p
然后把相关配置参数写入配置文件,其实也可以不用写,直接跟在命令后面就行,那样不方便管理。
consul server(192.168.0.10)配置文件(具体参数的意思请查询官网或者文章给的参考链接):
[root@db-server-yayun-01~]#cat/etc/consul.d/server.json {"data_dir":"/data/consul","datacenter":"dc1","log_level":"INFO","server":true,"bootstrap_expect":1,"bind_addr":"192.168.0.10","client_addr":"192.168.0.10","ui":true} [root@db-server-yayun-01~]#
consul client(192.168.0.20,192.168.0.30,192.168.0.40)
[root@db-server-yayun-02~]#cat/etc/consul.d/client.json {"data_dir":"/data/consul","enable_script_checks":true,"bind_addr":"192.168.0.20","retry_join": ["192.168.0.10"],"retry_interval":"30s","rejoin_after_leave":true,"start_join": ["192.168.0.10"] } [root@db-server-yayun-02~]#
3台服务器的配置文件差异不大,唯一有区别的就是 bind_addr地方,自行修改为你自己服务器的ip。我测试环境是虚拟机,有多快网卡,所以必须指定,否则可以绑定0.0.0.0。
下面我们先启动consul server:
nohup consul agent -config-dir=/etc/consul.d > /data/consul/consul.log &
查看日志:
[root@db-server-yayun-01consul]#catconsul.log==> WARNING: BootstrapExpect Mode is specified as1; this is the same as Bootstrap mode.==> WARNING: Bootstrap mode enabled!Do not enable unless necessary==>Starting Consul agent...==> Consul agent running!Version:'v0.9.2'Node ID:'5e612623-ec5b-386c-19be-d38876a9a46f'Node name:'db-server-yayun-01'Datacenter:'dc1'Server:true(bootstrap:true) Client Addr:192.168.0.10(HTTP:8500, HTTPS: -1, DNS:8600) Cluster Addr:192.168.0.10(LAN:8301, WAN:8302) Gossip encrypt:false, RPC-TLS:false, TLS-Incoming:false==> Log data will now streaminas it occurs:2017/12/0909:49:53[INFO] raft: Initial configuration (index=1): [{Suffrage:Voter ID:192.168.0.10:8300Address:192.168.0.10:8300}]2017/12/0909:49:53[INFO] raft: Node at192.168.0.10:8300[Follower] entering Follower state (Leader:"")2017/12/0909:49:53[INFO] serf: EventMemberJoin: db-server-yayun-01.dc1192.168.0.102017/12/0909:49:53[INFO] serf: EventMemberJoin: db-server-yayun-01192.168.0.102017/12/0909:49:53[INFO] agent: Started DNS server192.168.0.10:8600(udp)2017/12/0909:49:53[INFO] consul: Adding LAN server db-server-yayun-01(Addr: tcp/192.168.0.10:8300) (DC: dc1)2017/12/0909:49:53[INFO] consul: Handled member-joineventforserver"db-server-yayun-01.dc1"inarea"wan"2017/12/0909:49:53[INFO] agent: Started DNS server192.168.0.10:8600(tcp)2017/12/0909:49:53[INFO] agent: Started HTTP server on192.168.0.10:85002017/12/0909:50:00[ERR] agent: failed tosyncremote state: No cluster leader2017/12/0909:50:00[WARN] raft: Heartbeat timeout from""reached, starting election2017/12/0909:50:00[INFO] raft: Node at192.168.0.10:8300[Candidate] entering Candidate stateinterm22017/12/0909:50:00[INFO] raft: Election won. Tally:12017/12/0909:50:00[INFO] raft: Node at192.168.0.10:8300[Leader] entering Leader state2017/12/0909:50:00[INFO] consul: cluster leadership acquired2017/12/0909:50:00[INFO] consul: New leader elected: db-server-yayun-012017/12/0909:50:00[INFO] consul: member'db-server-yayun-01'joined, marking health alive2017/12/0909:50:03[INFO] agent: Synced nodeinfo
可以从日志中看到(HTTP: 8500, HTTPS: -1, DNS: 8600),http端口默认8500,在reload以及web ui会用到,dns端口是8600,在使用dns解析的时候会用到。还可以看到这台机器就是leader,consul: New leader elected: db-server-yayun-01。因为只有一台机器。所以生产环境一定要3个或者5个server。
下面启动3台client,3台client启动命令是一样的。然后查看其中一台client的日志:
nohup consul agent -config-dir=/etc/consul.d > /data/consul/consul.log &
[root@db-server-yayun-02consul]#cat/data/consul/consul.log==>Starting Consul agent...==>Joining cluster... Join completed. Synced with1initial agents==> Consul agent running!Version:'v0.9.2'Node ID:'0ec901ab-6c66-2461-95e6-50a77a28ed72'Node name:'db-server-yayun-02'Datacenter:'dc1'Server:false(bootstrap:false) Client Addr:127.0.0.1(HTTP:8500, HTTPS: -1, DNS:8600) Cluster Addr:192.168.0.20(LAN:8301, WAN:8302) Gossip encrypt:false, RPC-TLS:false, TLS-Incoming:false==> Log data will now streaminas it occurs:2017/12/0910:06:10[INFO] serf: EventMemberJoin: db-server-yayun-02192.168.0.202017/12/0910:06:10[INFO] agent: Started DNS server127.0.0.1:8600(udp)2017/12/0910:06:10[INFO] agent: Started DNS server127.0.0.1:8600(tcp)2017/12/0910:06:10[INFO] agent: Started HTTP server on127.0.0.1:85002017/12/0910:06:10[INFO] agent: (LAN) joining: [192.168.0.10]2017/12/0910:06:10[INFO] agent: Retryjoinis supportedfor: aws azure gce softlayer2017/12/0910:06:10[INFO] agent: Joining cluster...2017/12/0910:06:10[INFO] agent: (LAN) joining: [192.168.0.10]2017/12/0910:06:10[INFO] serf: EventMemberJoin: db-server-yayun-01192.168.0.102017/12/0910:06:10[INFO] agent: (LAN) joined:1Err: <nil>2017/12/0910:06:10[INFO] consul: adding server db-server-yayun-01(Addr: tcp/192.168.0.10:8300) (DC: dc1)2017/12/0910:06:10[INFO] agent: (LAN) joined:1Err: <nil>2017/12/0910:06:10[INFO] agent: Join completed. Synced with1initial agents2017/12/0910:06:10[INFO] agent: Synced nodeinfo
可以看到提示agent: Join completed. Synced with 1 initial agents,以及Server: false (bootstrap: false)。这也是client和server的区别。
我们继续执行命令看一下集群:
[root@db-server-yayun-02~]# consul members Node Address Status Type Build Protocol DC db-server-yayun-01192.168.0.10:8301alive server0.9.22dc1 db-server-yayun-02192.168.0.20:8301alive client0.9.22dc1 db-server-yayun-03192.168.0.30:8301alive client0.9.22dc1 db-server-yayun-04192.168.0.40:8301alive client0.9.22dc1 [root@db-server-yayun-02~]#
[root@db-server-yayun-02~]# consul operator raft list-peers Node ID Address State Voter RaftProtocol db-server-yayun-01192.168.0.10:8300192.168.0.10:8300leadertrue2[root@db-server-yayun-02~]#
我们看看web ui,consul自带的ui,非常轻便。访问: http://192.168.0.10:8500/ui/
到这来consul集群就搭建完成了,是不是很简单。对就是这么简单,但是从上面可以看到,client节点并没有注册服务,显示0 services。这也就是接下来需要讲解的。那么到底如何实现redis及mysql的高可用呢?正式开始:
Consul 使用场景一(redis sentinel)
(1)Redis 哨兵架构下,服务器部署了哨兵,但业务部门没有在app 层面,使用jedis 哨兵驱动来自动发现Redis master,而使用直连IP master。当master挂掉,其他redis节点担当新master后,应用需要手工修改配置,指向新master。
(2)Redis 客户端驱动,还没有读写分离的配置,若想slave的读负载均衡,暂时没好的办法。我们程序都是支持读写分离,所以没影响
(3)Consul 可以满足以上需求,配置两个DNS服务,一个是master的服务,利用consul自身的服务健康检查和探测功能, 自动发现新的master。 然后定义一个slave的服务,基于DNS本身, 能够对slave角色的redis IP做轮询。
架构图如下:
同样也可以对mysql做高可用,mha和sentinel的角色一样,架构图如下:
下面就说说redis高可用的实现过程,mysql的我就不说了,mysql用到的健康检查脚本我会贴出来。思路都是一样的。
Consul 服务定义(Redis)
上面已经搭建好了consul集群,server是192.168.0.10 client是20到40. 那么20我们就拿来当redis master,30,40拿来当redis slave。下面定义服务(20,30,40都要存在):
20,30,40的配置文件如下,除了address要修改为对应的服务器地址,其他一样。
[[email protected]]#pwd/etc/consul.d [[email protected]]# ll total12-rw-r--r--.1root root221Dec909:44client.json-rw-r--r--.1root root319Dec910:48r-6029-redis-test.json-rw-r--r--.1root root321Dec910:48w-6029-redis-test.json [[email protected]]#
master的服务定义配置文件:
[[email protected]]#catw-6029-redis-test.json {"services": [ {"name":"w-6029-redis-test","tags": ["master-test-6029"],"address":"192.168.0.20","port":6029,"checks": [ {"script":"/data/consul/shell/check_redis_master.sh 6029","interval":"15s"} ] } ] } [[email protected]]#
slave的服务定义配置文件:
[[email protected]]#catr-6029-redis-test.json {"services": [ {"name":"r-6029-redis-test","tags": ["slave-test-6029"],"address":"192.168.0.20","port":6029,"checks": [ {"script":"/data/consul/shell/check_redis_slave.sh 6029","interval":"15s"} ] } ] } [[email protected]]#
每个agent都注册后, 对应有两个域名:
w-6029-redis-test.service.consul (对应唯一一个master IP)
r-6029-redis-test.service.consul (对应两个slave IP, 客户端请求时, 随机分配一个)
其中"script": "/data/consul/shell/check_redis_slave.sh 6029 "代表对redis 6029端口进行健康检查,关于更多健康检查请查看官网介绍。
[root@db-server-yayun-03shell]#pwd/data/consul/shell [root@db-server-yayun-03shell]# ll total16-rwxr-xr-x.1root root480Dec910:56check_mysql_master.sh-rwxr-xr-x.1root root3004Dec910:55check_mysql_slave.sh-rwxr-xr-x.1root root254Dec910:51check_redis_master.sh-rwxr-xr-x.1root root379Dec910:51check_redis_slave.sh[root@db-server-yayun-03shell]#
/data/consul/shell目录下面有4个脚本,是对redis和mysql进行健康检查用的。脚本比较简单,大概就是如果只有一个master,那么读写都在master,如果有slave可用,那么读会在slave进行。如果slave复制不正常,或者复制延时,那么slave服务将不会注册。
[root@db-server-yayun-03shell]#catcheck_redis_master.sh#!/bin/bash myport=$1auth=$2if[ ! -n"$auth"]thenauth='\"\"'ficomm="/usr/local/bin/redis-cli -p $myport -a $auth"role=`echo'INFO Replication'|$comm |grep-Ec'role:master'`echo'INFO Replication'|$commif[ $role -ne1]thenexit2fi[root@db-server-yayun-03shell]#
[root@db-server-yayun-03shell]#catcheck_redis_slave.sh#!/bin/bash myport=$1auth=$2if[ ! -n"$auth"]thenauth='\"\"'ficomm="/usr/local/bin/redis-cli -p $myport -a $auth"role=`echo'INFO Replication'|$comm |grep-Ec'^role:slave|^master_link_status:up'` single=`echo'INFO Replication'|$comm |grep-Ec'^role:master|^connected_slaves:0'`echo'INFO Replication'|$commif[ $role -ne2-a $single -ne2]thenexit2fi[root@db-server-yayun-03shell]#
[root@db-server-yayun-02shell]#catcheck_mysql_master.sh#!/bin/bash port=$1user="root"passwod="123"comm="/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u$user -h 127.0.0.1 -P $port -p$passwod"slave_info=`$comm -e"show slave status"|wc-l` value=`$comm -Nse"select 1"` # 判断是不是从库if[ $slave_info -ne0]thenecho"MySQL $port Instance is Slave........"$comm-e"show slave status\G"|egrep-w"Master_Host|Master_User|Master_Port|Master_Log_File|Read_Master_Log_Pos|Relay_Log_File|Relay_Log_Pos|Relay_Master_Log_File|Slave_IO_Running|Slave_SQL_Running|Exec_Master_Log_Pos|Relay_Log_Space|Seconds_Behind_Master"exit2fi# 判断mysql是否存活if[ -z $value ]thenexit2fiecho"MySQL $port Instance is Master........"$comm-e"select * from information_schema.PROCESSLIST where user='repl' and COMMAND like '%Dump%'"[root@db-server-yayun-02shell]#
[root@db-server-yayun-02shell]#catcheck_mysql_slave.sh#!/bin/bash port=$1user="root"passwod="123"repl_check_user="root"repl_check_pwd="123"master_comm="/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u$user -h 127.0.0.1 -P $port -p$passwod"slave_comm="/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u$repl_check_user -P $port -p$repl_check_pwd"# 判断mysql是否存活 value=`$master_comm -Nse"select 1"`if[ -z $value ]thenecho"MySQL Server is Down....."exit2figet_slave_count=0is_slave_role=0slave_mode_repl_delay=0master_mode_repl_delay=0master_mode_repl_dead=0slave_mode_repl_status=0max_delay=120get_slave_hosts=`$master_comm -Nse"select substring_index(HOST,':',1) from information_schema.PROCESSLIST where user='repl' and COMMAND like '%Binlog Dump%';"` get_slave_count=`$master_comm -Nse"select count(1) from information_schema.PROCESSLIST where user='repl' and COMMAND like '%Binlog Dump%';"` is_slave_role=`$master_comm -e"show slave status\G"|grep-Ewc"Slave_SQL_Running|Slave_IO_Running"` ### 单点模式(如果 get_slave_count=0and is_slave_role=0)functionsingle_mode {if[ $get_slave_count -eq0-a $is_slave_role -eq0]thenecho"MySQL $port Instance is Single Master........"exit0fi} ### 从节点模式(如果 get_slave_count=0and is_slave_role=2)functionslave_mode { #如果是从节点,必须满足不延迟,if[ $is_slave_role -ge2]thenecho"MySQL $port Instance is Slave........"$master_comm-e"show slave status\G"|egrep-w"Master_Host|Master_User|Master_Port|Master_Log_File|Read_Master_Log_Pos|Relay_Log_File|Relay_Log_Pos|Relay_Master_Log_File|Slave_IO_Running|Slave_SQL_Running|Exec_Master_Log_Pos|Relay_Log_Space|Seconds_Behind_Master"slave_mode_repl_delay=`$master_comm -e"show slave status\G"|grep-w"Seconds_Behind_Master"|awk'{print $NF}'` slave_mode_repl_status=`$master_comm -e"show slave status\G"|grep-Ec"Slave_IO_Running: Yes|Slave_SQL_Running: Yes"`if[ X"$slave_mode_repl_delay"== X"NULL"]thenslave_mode_repl_delay=99999fiif[ $slave_mode_repl_delay !="NULL"-a $slave_mode_repl_delay -lt $max_delay -a $slave_mode_repl_status -ge2]thenexit0fifi}functionmaster_mode { ###如果是主节点,必须满足从节点为延迟或复制错误。才可读if[ $get_slave_count -gt0-a $is_slave_role -eq0]thenecho"MySQL $port Instance is Master........"$master_comm-e"select * from information_schema.PROCESSLIST where user='repl' and COMMAND like '%Dump%'"formy_slavein$get_slave_hostsdomaster_mode_repl_delay=`$slave_comm -h $my_slave -e"show slave status\G"|grep-w"Seconds_Behind_Master"|awk'{print $NF}'` master_mode_repl_thread=`$slave_comm -h $my_slave -e"show slave status\G"|grep-Ec"Slave_IO_Running: Yes|Slave_SQL_Running: Yes"`if[ X"$master_mode_repl_delay"== X"NULL"]thenmaster_mode_repl_delay=99999fiif[ $master_mode_repl_delay -lt $max_delay -a $master_mode_repl_thread -ge2]thenexit2fidoneexit0fi} single_mode slave_mode master_mode exit2[root@db-server-yayun-02shell]#
"name": "r-6029-redis-test",这个就是域名了,默认后缀是servers.consul,consul可以利用domain参数修改。配置文件生成以后安装redis,搭建主从复制(省略)。主从复制完成以后就可以重新reload consul了。redis info信息:
127.0.0.1:6029>inforeplication # Replication role:master connected_slaves:2slave0:ip=192.168.0.40,port=6029,state=online,offset=6786,lag=0slave1:ip=192.168.0.30,port=6029,state=online,offset=6786,lag=1master_repl_offset:6786repl_backlog_active:1repl_backlog_size:67108864repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:2repl_backlog_histlen:6785127.0.0.1:6029>
reload consul(3台client,也就是20-40):
[root@db-server-yayun-02~]# consul reload Configuration reload triggered [root@db-server-yayun-02~]#
在其中一台服务器查看consul日志(20):
[root@db-server-yayun-02consul]#tail-f consul.log2017/12/0910:09:59[INFO] serf: EventMemberJoin: db-server-yayun-04192.168.0.402017/12/0911:14:55[INFO] Caught signal: hangup2017/12/0911:14:55[INFO] Reloading configuration...2017/12/0911:14:55[INFO] agent: Synced service'r-6029-redis-test'2017/12/0911:14:55[INFO] agent: Synced service'w-6029-redis-test'2017/12/0911:14:55[INFO] agent: Synced check'service:w-6029-redis-test'2017/12/0911:15:00[WARN] agent: Check'service:r-6029-redis-test'is now critical2017/12/0911:15:15[WARN] agent: Check'service:r-6029-redis-test'is now critical2017/12/0911:15:30[WARN] agent: Check'service:r-6029-redis-test'is now critical2017/12/0911:15:45[WARN] agent: Check'service:r-6029-redis-test'is now critical
可以看到r-6029-redis-test,w-6029-redis-test服务都已经注册,但是只有w-6029-redis-test注册成功,也就是写的,因为服务器20上面的redis是master,slave的服务当然无法注册成功。我们通过web ui看看。
可以看到3个client节点每个节点都已经注册了2个服务。还可以看到我们自定义的输出:
下面我们使用dns来解析看看,是否是我们想要的。我们注册两个服务。r-6029-redis-test,w-6029-redis-test,那么就是就产生了2个域名,分别是r-6029-redis-test.service.consul和w-6029-redis-test.service.consul。我们使用dig来看看:
[root@db-server-yayun-02~]# dig @192.168.0.10-p8600r-6029-redis-test.service.consul ;<<>> DiG9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6<<>> @192.168.0.10-p8600r-6029-redis-test.service.consul ; (1server found) ;; global options:+cmd ;; Got answer: ;;->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR,id:34508;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY:1, ANSWER:2, AUTHORITY:0, ADDITIONAL:0;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;r-6029-redis-test.service.consul. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: r-6029-redis-test.service.consul.0IN A192.168.0.30r-6029-redis-test.service.consul.0IN A192.168.0.40;; Querytime:1msec ;; SERVER:192.168.0.10#8600(192.168.0.10) ;; WHEN: Sat Dec911:26:382017;; MSG SIZE rcvd:82[root@db-server-yayun-02~]#
我们可以看到读的域名r-6029-redis-test.service.consul解析到了两台服务器。那么我们就能够对从库进行负载均衡了。那么写的域名呢?
[root@db-server-yayun-02~]# dig @192.168.0.10-p8600w-6029-redis-test.service.consul ;<<>> DiG9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6<<>> @192.168.0.10-p8600w-6029-redis-test.service.consul ; (1server found) ;; global options:+cmd ;; Got answer: ;;->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR,id:7451;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY:1, ANSWER:1, AUTHORITY:0, ADDITIONAL:0;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;w-6029-redis-test.service.consul. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION:w-6029-redis-test.service.consul.0IN A192.168.0.20;; Querytime:1msec ;; SERVER:192.168.0.10#8600(192.168.0.10) ;; WHEN: Sat Dec911:27:592017;; MSG SIZE rcvd:66[root@db-server-yayun-02~]#
和我们预料的没错,解析在了20上面。那么我们如果关闭其中一个从库会是怎样的?
[root@db-server-yayun-03~]#ifconfigeth1 |grep-oP'(?<=inet addr:)\S+'192.168.0.30[root@db-server-yayun-03~]# pgrep -fl redis-server |awk'{print $1}'|xargskill[root@db-server-yayun-03~]#
127.0.0.1:6029>inforeplication # Replication role:master connected_slaves:1slave0:ip=192.168.0.40,port=6029,state=online,offset=8200,lag=0master_repl_offset:8200repl_backlog_active:1repl_backlog_size:67108864repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:2repl_backlog_histlen:8199127.0.0.1:6029>
可以看到只有一个从了,我们再次dig 读域名看看:
[root@db-server-yayun-02~]# dig @192.168.0.10-p8600r-6029-redis-test.service.consul ;<<>> DiG9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6<<>> @192.168.0.10-p8600r-6029-redis-test.service.consul ; (1server found) ;; global options:+cmd ;; Got answer: ;;->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR,id:41984;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY:1, ANSWER:1, AUTHORITY:0, ADDITIONAL:0;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;r-6029-redis-test.service.consul. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: r-6029-redis-test.service.consul.0IN A192.168.0.40;; Querytime:8msec ;; SERVER:192.168.0.10#8600(192.168.0.10) ;; WHEN: Sat Dec911:32:462017;; MSG SIZE rcvd:66[root@db-server-yayun-02~]#
可以看到踢掉了另外一台机器。如果我再次关闭40这个从呢?
[root@db-server-yayun-04shell]#ifconfigeth1 |grep-oP'(?<=inet addr:)\S+'192.168.0.40[root@db-server-yayun-04shell]# pgrep -fl redis-server |awk'{print $1}'|xargskill[root@db-server-yayun-04shell]#
那么我们的redis就没有可用从库了,那么读写都将在master上面。
[root@db-server-yayun-02~]# dig @192.168.0.10-p8600r-6029-redis-test.service.consul ;<<>> DiG9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6<<>> @192.168.0.10-p8600r-6029-redis-test.service.consul ; (1server found) ;; global options:+cmd ;; Got answer: ;;->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR,id:58564;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY:1, ANSWER:1, AUTHORITY:0, ADDITIONAL:0;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;r-6029-redis-test.service.consul. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: r-6029-redis-test.service.consul.0IN A192.168.0.20;; Querytime:4msec ;; SERVER:192.168.0.10#8600(192.168.0.10) ;; WHEN: Sat Dec911:35:112017;; MSG SIZE rcvd:66[root@db-server-yayun-02~]# dig @192.168.0.10-p8600w-6029-redis-test.service.consul ;<<>> DiG9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6<<>> @192.168.0.10-p8600w-6029-redis-test.service.consul ; (1server found) ;; global options:+cmd ;; Got answer: ;;->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR,id:56965;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY:1, ANSWER:1, AUTHORITY:0, ADDITIONAL:0;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;w-6029-redis-test.service.consul. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION:w-6029-redis-test.service.consul.0IN A192.168.0.20;; Querytime:5msec ;; SERVER:192.168.0.10#8600(192.168.0.10) ;; WHEN: Sat Dec911:35:162017;; MSG SIZE rcvd:66[root@db-server-yayun-02~]#
这里测试的就差不多了,下面结合sentinel来实现高可用。我会恢复刚才的环境。也就是20是master,30,40是slave。10是sentinel。生产环境sentinel也要部署3个或5个。我的10上面已经有sentinel,端口是36029,我直接添加对20的6029监控。
127.0.0.1:36029> sentinel monitor my-test-6029192.168.0.2060291OK127.0.0.1:36029>
127.0.0.1:36029>infoSentinel # Sentinel sentinel_masters:1sentinel_tilt:0sentinel_running_scripts:0sentinel_scripts_queue_length:0master0:name=my-test-6029,status=ok,address=192.168.0.20:6029,slaves=2,sentinels=1127.0.0.1:36029>
再次看看读写域名是否正常了,我已经恢复环境:
[root@db-server-yayun-02~]# dig @192.168.0.10-p8600w-6029-redis-test.service.consul ;<<>> DiG9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6<<>> @192.168.0.10-p8600w-6029-redis-test.service.consul ; (1server found) ;; global options:+cmd ;; Got answer: ;;->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR,id:62669;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY:1, ANSWER:1, AUTHORITY:0, ADDITIONAL:0;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;w-6029-redis-test.service.consul. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION:w-6029-redis-test.service.consul.0IN A192.168.0.20;; Querytime:2msec ;; SERVER:192.168.0.10#8600(192.168.0.10) ;; WHEN: Sat Dec911:43:042017;; MSG SIZE rcvd:66[root@db-server-yayun-02~]# dig @192.168.0.10-p8600r-6029-redis-test.service.consul ;<<>> DiG9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6<<>> @192.168.0.10-p8600r-6029-redis-test.service.consul ; (1server found) ;; global options:+cmd ;; Got answer: ;;->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR,id:41305;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY:1, ANSWER:2, AUTHORITY:0, ADDITIONAL:0;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;r-6029-redis-test.service.consul. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: r-6029-redis-test.service.consul.0IN A192.168.0.30r-6029-redis-test.service.consul.0IN A192.168.0.40;; Querytime:2msec ;; SERVER:192.168.0.10#8600(192.168.0.10) ;; WHEN: Sat Dec911:43:082017;; MSG SIZE rcvd:82[root@db-server-yayun-02~]#
可以看到已经正常,现在关闭redis master:
[root@db-server-yayun-02~]#ifconfigeth1 |grep-oP'(?<=inet addr:)\S+'192.168.0.20[root@db-server-yayun-02~]# pgrep -fl redis-server |awk'{print $1}'|xargskill
看看sentinel信息:
127.0.0.1:36029>infoSentinel # Sentinel sentinel_masters:1sentinel_tilt:0sentinel_running_scripts:0sentinel_scripts_queue_length:0master0:name=my-test-6029,status=ok,address=192.168.0.30:6029,slaves=2,sentinels=1127.0.0.1:36029>
可以看到master已经是30了,dig域名看看:
[root@db-server-yayun-02~]# dig @192.168.0.10-p8600w-6029-redis-test.service.consul ;<<>> DiG9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6<<>> @192.168.0.10-p8600w-6029-redis-test.service.consul ; (1server found) ;; global options:+cmd ;; Got answer: ;;->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR,id:55527;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY:1, ANSWER:1, AUTHORITY:0, ADDITIONAL:0;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;w-6029-redis-test.service.consul. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION:w-6029-redis-test.service.consul.0IN A192.168.0.30;; Querytime:2msec ;; SERVER:192.168.0.10#8600(192.168.0.10) ;; WHEN: Sat Dec911:45:462017;; MSG SIZE rcvd:66[root@db-server-yayun-02~]# dig @192.168.0.10-p8600r-6029-redis-test.service.consul ;<<>> DiG9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6<<>> @192.168.0.10-p8600r-6029-redis-test.service.consul ; (1server found) ;; global options:+cmd ;; Got answer: ;;->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR,id:11563;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY:1, ANSWER:1, AUTHORITY:0, ADDITIONAL:0;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;r-6029-redis-test.service.consul. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: r-6029-redis-test.service.consul.0IN A192.168.0.40;; Querytime:1msec ;; SERVER:192.168.0.10#8600(192.168.0.10) ;; WHEN: Sat Dec911:45:502017;; MSG SIZE rcvd:66[root@db-server-yayun-02~]#
ok,可以看到已经是我们想要的结果了。最后说说dns的问题。
App端配置域名服务器IP来解析consul后缀的域名,DNS解析及跳转, 有三个方案:
1. 原内网dns服务器,做域名转发,consul后缀的,都转到consul server上(我们线上是采用这个)
2. dns全部跳到consul DNS服务器上,非consul后缀的,使用 recursors 属性跳转到原DNS服务器上
3. dnsmaq 转: server=/consul/10.16.X.X#8600 解析consul后缀的
我们内网dns是用的bind,对于bind的如何做域名转发consul官网也有栗子: https://www.consul.io/docs/guides/forwarding.html,另外也对consul的dns进行了压力测试,不存在性能问题:
参考资料:
https://book-consul-guide.vnzmi.com/
http://www.liangxiansen.cn/2017/04/06/consul/
总结:
对于单机多实例的mysql以及redis,利用consul能够很好的实现高可用,当然要结合mha或者sentinel,最大的好处是consul足够轻量,方便,简单。如果程序支持读写分离的,那么用起来更加方便。从挂掉一个或者多个也不会影响服务。