梦境揭秘：人人都做的12种梦

译者 fking86

Uncovering Your Dreams: 12 Universal Themes

揭秘梦境：人人都做的12种梦

By Margarita Tartakovsky

玛格丽塔·塔塔柯夫斯基

Have you ever been chased by someone in your dreams? Been naked in public? Flown like a bird around a city? Or just felt utterly lost in a maze-like building?

在梦里，你是否曾被人追赶？在公共场合一丝不挂？像鸟儿一样飞翔在城市上空？或者在迷宫一般的建筑里迷路？

Psychologist and dream researcher Patricia Garfield asserts that these examples are part of 12 basic dreams that all of us dream, regardless of who we are, what we do or where we live.

心理学家和梦境研究人员帕特里夏·加菲尔德断言，不论我们是谁、从事何种职业、在哪里生活，我们都会做12种基本的梦，上述只是其中一部分梦的类型。

These “universal dreams,” as Garfield calls them, are far from a dream dictionary packed with generic terms from A to Z. On her website, Garfield writes: “Like a hearty stew that is rich with local produce, the universal dreams differ among different peoples, but they are all nourishing variants of the same wholesome meal. They are as old as humanity and as widespread as our globe. Possibly further.”

加菲尔德称之为“普遍梦境”，这些梦境还远远不能涵盖人类所有的梦。加菲尔德在她的网站上写道：“就像一锅美味的乱炖，不同民族的普遍梦境有所差异，但它们都是全面膳食的营养成分。它们与人类共生，延伸到地球的每个角落。也许更远。”

In her book The Universal Dream Key: The 12 Most Common Dream Themes Around the World, Garfield explains that dreams differ based on four factors.

加菲尔德在她的著作《打开普遍梦境的钥匙：世界上12种最常见的梦境主题》里解释说，梦境的差异取决于四个因素。

She writes:

她写道：

Universal patterns are all around us in the natural world, yet each is affected by the local environment. Trees branch in a consistent way, leaves take their genetic form, rivers carve a sinuous route, snowflakes fall in their basic hexameter shape. However, a tree on the coast, exposed to a constant wind from the sea, bends away from the blast. Leaves turn to the direction that provides the best local light, so they may flourish. Rivers break their banks under seasonal downpours and carve new paths. Each snowflake – a variation of the six points – is nonetheless unique.

自然界的普遍模式无处不在，但每种模式都受当地环境的影响。树枝分叉的方式都一样，树叶的形状普遍相似，河流总是蜿蜒前进，飘落的雪花都是基本的六边形。然而，海边的树常年受海风吹拂，总朝顺风方向弯曲。树叶总是朝着阳光最好的方向才长得繁茂。河流在暴雨季节冲破堤岸，形成新的河道。每片雪花的六个顶点都略微不同，总都是独一无二。

So, too, are your dreams. The Universal Dream patterns are bent and molded by local forces in your life. Your every dream is influenced by four broad sources of influence:

你的梦也一样。普遍梦境的模式也因你生活中各种力量的作用而变化。影响你每一个梦的原因来自四个方面：

Your biological heritage

你的生物遗传

Your general cultural heritage

你的文化传承

Your local subculture

你的当地文化

Your personal experience

你的个人经历

So what’s the basis of Garfield’s basic dreams? She explains that the universal dreams came from her analysis of the dream literature, thousands of dreams that she collected worldwide and her own dream diary, which she’s kept for 50 years.

那么加菲尔德的基本梦境的基础是什么呢？她解释说，普遍梦境源于她对梦境文献的分析、她所收集的世界各地成千上万的梦、以及她自己50年如一日的做梦日记。

Her book contains a more comprehensive description of the 12 universal dreams with information on incidence, meaning and coping tips. She features a “bare-bones version” on her site, which I’ve summarized below. The negative form appears first, followed by the positive. (Negative forms, unfortunately, are more common.)

她的书对12种普遍梦境进行了更为全面的阐述，包括梦的产生、意义和应对技巧。网站上的内容是“最简版本”，我总结如下：先是噩梦，然后是积极的梦。（不幸的是，噩梦更为常见。）

According to psychotherapist Jeffrey Sumber, who studied global dream mythology at Harvard University and Jungian dream interpretation at the Jung Institute in Zurich, Garfield “has done a good job at identifying some of the most common types of dreams that wither intrigue or upset the average person.” But he reminds us that “there is no exhaustive list or ‘key’ to solve the riddle of our individual dreams. We are all far too unique for such simplistic one size fits all keys.”

心理治疗师杰弗里·苏木贝尔（Jeffrey Sumber）曾在哈佛大学研究世界梦境神话学，并在苏黎世荣格研究所研究荣格的释梦学说，据他说，加菲尔德“完成了一项很好的工作，确定了一些最常见的梦的类型，这些梦让普通人或萎靡不振，或好奇不已，或心情沮丧。”但他提醒我们说：“个体的梦和释梦的‘钥匙’无法穷尽。我们每个人都过于独特，不是一种简单的解释就能说清楚所有的情形。”

1. Being chased and attacked/Being in love or embraced

1．被追赶和攻击/爱抚或拥抱

A villain is chasing you and might harm or even kill you. It could be anyone from an animal to a bad person. Garfield notes that there are cultural differences about the sorts of villains who show up in our dreams. For instance, kids in India “reported dreams of vultures chasing them, while no American child did–they were more likely to picture sharks as a predator.”

一个坏家伙追赶你，可能会伤害甚至杀死你。这个坏家伙可能是任何模样，从动物到坏人。加菲尔德指出，梦中出现的坏蛋类型有一定的文化差异。例如，印度孩子“说追逐他们的是秃鹰，而美国孩子就不这么说，他们大多数都说追他们的是鲨鱼。”

The opposite of being chased and terrified is what Garfield describes as being embraced or loved, meeting a star or having a magical animal friend (more common in kids). Here, we experience what Garfield says is “pleasurable physical contact,” whether it’s with celebrities, an angel, a talking animal or our next-door neighbor.

加菲尔德说，与被追逐和惊吓相对的是被拥抱或爱抚、遇见明星、或有一个神奇的动物朋友（更常见于儿童）。此时，我们的体验就是加菲尔德所描述的“愉快的身体接触，”无论是和名人、天使、会说话的动物还是和我们隔壁的邻居。

2. Getting injured or dying/Getting healed or reborn

2．受伤或死亡/痊愈或脱胎换骨

You or a loved one is injured, killed or passes away. Another common dream is your teeth falling out. The reverse is experiencing rebirth or healing.

你或你心爱的人受伤、被害或者去世。另一种常见的梦是你的牙齿掉了。相反的情景是重生或伤病痊愈。

3. Having vehicle trouble

3．交通工具发生故障

You’re in a vehicle, like a car or plane, that has some sort of malfunction, whether it’s broken brakes, no gas or a flat tire.

你在一部交通工具里，比如汽车或飞机，发生了某种故障，可能是刹车失灵、燃油耗尽或者是爆胎。

The opposite of vehicle trouble is driving skillfully. Garfield says that these dreams aren’t very common. But when they do happen, they tell us something very important: That we have the necessary tools to deal with a difficult situation in our lives.

交通工具故障相对的是熟练驾驶。加菲尔德说，这种梦不是很常见。但出现这种梦有非常重要的意义：我们拥有必要的手段处理我们生活中的困难。

4. Damaged or lost property or on fire/Property improvements

4．财产损坏丢失或失火/财产修缮

You lose a valuable possession, which might be anything from your wallet to your keys to your wedding ring. Even your entire house might vanish. People also dream about their house or another building being on fire. You might be scared, seek escape or try to save others. The alternative is when you dream about remodeling or reconstructing a space.

你丢失了贵重物品，可能是任何东西，你的钱包、你的钥匙、或者你的结婚戒指。甚至你的整个房子都可能消失。人们还梦见他们的房子或者其他建筑起火。你可能会害怕、逃生或试图拯救他人。相对的是你梦见改建或重建一个地方。

5. Poor performance/Outstanding performance

5．表现欠佳/表现杰出

When you’re about to take a test, something anxiety-provoking happens. (I’ve had these kinds of dreams so many times, even years after I finished grad school! I guess school can be pretty traumatizing for some of us.) It could be showing up late to your exam, not finding the classroom or being unprepared. This also could relate to any performance, such as getting on stage and forgetting or flubbing your lines. In contrast, you ace a test, give a great speech or perform well in another way.

参加考试之前，会发生令人焦虑的事情。（就算读完研究生后很多年，这种梦我还做过好多次！我估摸学校可能给我们带来一些心灵创伤。）可能是考试迟到了、找不到教室或者毫无准备。这种梦也可能是关于其他的事情，比如上舞台忘词或说错台词。反之是考了高分、演讲大获成功、或者在别的方面表现出色。

6. Falling or drowning/Flying or swimming

6．跌落或溺水/飞行或游泳

You’re freaked out and can feel yourself falling or drowning. Garfield lists these two examples:

你吓坏了，觉得自己摔下去了或者要淹死了。加菲尔德举了两个例子：

I am running when I trip over a stick and fall over a cliff, going down and down and I am about to hit the rocks below.

我跑步时绊到了，从峭壁上摔下去，一直掉下去，马上就要摔到下面的岩石上。

I’m swimming when a giant tidal wave washes over me; I can’t breathe.

我游泳时一个巨浪压过来，我无法呼吸。

The opposite is feeling absolutely carefree and either flying or swimming effortlessly (even if you started flying in order to escape).

与此相反的是感到完全无忧无虑，毫不费力地飞翔或游泳（即使为了逃命而飞翔）。

7. Being naked or inappropriately dressed/Looking great

7．赤身裸体或穿着不当/精神焕发

You’re either naked in public or wearing something odd or inappropriate. For instance, you show up to work in your PJs. One woman had a dream that her fiancé arrived at the altar in a clown suit. Alternatively, in other dreams you’re wearing something beautiful or feel as though you look great and really fit in.

要么是你在公共场合赤身裸体，要么是穿着古怪或者不当。例如，你到了办公室却穿着睡衣。一位女性做了这么个梦，她的未婚夫在教堂举行婚礼仪式时穿着小丑的服装。相反，你在其他的梦里穿着美丽，或者自己觉得容光焕发、衣着得体。

8. Missing transportation/Happily traveling

8．错过交通工具/旅行愉快

You’re racing to catch a flight, train or another form of transportation, and miss it. Or you’re late to the event you’re supposed to perform in. On the other hand, you’re happily traveling and seeing some incredible sights.

你匆匆去赶飞机、火车或别的交通工具但没赶上。或者你要出席什么活动你却迟到了。相对应的是，你愉快地旅行，欣赏到一些令人难以置信的景色。

9. Machine malfunctions/No malfunctions

9．机器故障/无故障

You might be trying to operate mechanical equipment, but there’s a glitch. Oftentimes, these dreams involve malfunctioning telephones. One woman reported talking on the phone to her boyfriend when the line went dead.

你也许要操作机械设备，但出了小差错。这些梦大多与电话故障有关。一名女性说，她正和男朋友煲电话粥，线路突然断了。

Positive dreams, however, feature making clear connections and functioning machines. In a study of dreams during bereavement, Garfield found that some participants received messages from their deceased loved ones, which helped in the healing process.

反之，积极梦境里都是线路畅通、机器运转正常。加菲尔德研究丧亲期间的梦境时发现，一些人会收到已故亲人的消息，这有助于抚慰伤痛。

10. Natural disasters/Natural beauty

10．自然灾害/自然之美

You dream about some natural disaster such as an earthquake, strong storm, tsunami or volcanic eruption. Or you dream about manmade disasters like atomic bombs or chemical warfare. The opposite is dreaming about beauty or miracles in nature.

您会梦到一些自然灾害，如地震、强风暴、海啸或火山喷发。或者你会梦到像原子弹或化学战之类的人祸。与此相反的梦是梦到自然界的美景或奇迹。

11. Being lost or trapped/Finding new places

11．迷路或被困/找到新的地方

You might be lost in a building, a maze or some strange town. Or you’re terrified and unable to move, speak or scream. Or, worse, you’re buried alive. The positive alternative is discovering a new beautiful space (like a room in your home) or finding amazing treasures.

你可能会在一座建筑、迷宫或某个陌生的城市里迷路。要么你吓坏了，无法动弹、说不出话、喊不出声。要么更糟，你被活埋了。积极的梦是找到一处新的美丽的地方（譬如你家的一个房间），或者发现惊人的宝藏。

12. Haunted by the dead/Guided by the dead

12．鬼魂困扰/鬼魂指引

You’re criticized or cursed by someone who’s passed away. For instance, one person dreamed that her deceased mother scolded her for giving away her belongings too soon. Or you receive a significant message from your deceased loved one, which might even have a meaningful impact on your life.

你被一个已经去世的人批评或诅咒。例如，一个人梦到已故的母亲骂她，责怪她大手大脚挥霍家财。反之是你收到已故亲人给你的重要信息，这条信息甚至可能对你的生活产生积极的影响。

What do you think of the idea of universal dreams? Can you relate to the dreams Garfield describes?

你对普遍梦境有何看法？加菲尔德描述的这些梦你做过吗？