阿司匹林可以降低60%患结肠癌的风险

译者 cobysun

Aspirin may cut colon cancer risk by 60%

阿司匹林可以降低60%患结肠癌的风险

Taking two aspirins a day reduced the risk of colorectal cancer by more than 60% in people with a family history of the disease, a large study shows.

大量研究表明，有家庭病史的家庭，如果每天服用2片阿司匹林可以降低60%患结肠（直肠）癌的风险。

"This is one more piece of evidence that there are some very positive effects of aspirin, and it should be considered very seriously for people who are at risk of colorectal cancer," says Tim Bishop, one of the authors of the study and a professor of epidemiology at Leeds University in England.

英国利兹大学的Tim Bishop作为流行病学研究的作者之一，他说：“阿司匹林又多了一项具有积极作用的证据，对于患有结肠（直肠）癌患者来说值得认真考虑考虑”。

Observational studies have shown that aspirin lowers the risk of developing colorectal cancer, but this is the first randomized controlled trial to find the effect.

观察研究表明，阿司匹林能够降低罹患结肠（直肠）癌风险，但这只是第一次随机临床实验中发现的。

Researchers from the Universities of Newcastle and Leeds in England followed almost 1,000 patients from 43 medical centers in 16 countries. The patients all had Lynch syndrome, a genetic condition that predisposes people to develop colorectal cancer and other types of cancer.

研究人员追踪了纽卡斯尔大学和英国利兹大学的近1,000例病患，以及16个国家的43所医疗中心。这些病患大都患有林奇综合症，这种基因状况下会诱发结肠（直肠）癌，甚至其他癌症的可能性增大。

The patients were divided into two groups: One group took two aspirins every day (a total of 600 milligrams) for at least two years; the other group took a placebo.

病患被分为两组：一组至少两年内，每天服用2片阿司匹林（600毫克的量）；另一组只服用安慰剂。

Among the findings, released Thursday online in The Lancet: Patients who took aspirin for at least two years had a 63% reduced risk of developing colorectal cancer. Women taking aspirin also had a reduced risk of developing endometrial or womb cancer, Bishop says.

所有研究中发现，在《柳叶刀》（国际临床医学权威杂志，每年向全球学者推荐本年度最有影响的研究和试验项目论文）周四官网上放出的结果表明：2年内每天服用2片阿司匹林的病患，患结肠（直肠）癌的机率降低了63%。Bishop还提到，女性服用阿司匹林同样会降低其患子宫内膜或子宫癌的风险。

John Burn, lead author of the study and a professor at Newcastle University, says: "We have clear proof that aspirin prevents cancer in people at high genetic risk. We now have new questions to answer: Will low dose be as effective as two aspirins? Should all people at increased risk take aspirin?"

纽卡斯尔大学教授，研究主要发起者John Burn说：“我们有清晰的证据表明，阿司匹林能有效预防高危癌症病患患癌症的风险，当下摆在我们面前的新问题是：低剂量与2片阿司匹林量的效果是否等同？也就是说，是否需要所有人冒险增大服用阿司匹林的剂量？”

Bishop says researchers don't know for sure how aspirin works to prevent cancer, "but one speculation is that the active part of aspirin causes DNA-damaged cells to die."

Bishop说研究人员其实并不清楚，阿司匹林能否真正起到预防癌症的作用。“但不能否认这样猜测，阿司匹林活跃的部分可能导致细胞死亡。”

"If I had a family history of bowel cancer, I would feel quite strongly about taking aspirin regularly," he says.

他还假设说：“如果我有肠癌家庭史，肯定会按时服用规定量的阿司匹林。”

"There are certainly lots of benefits of taking aspirin," Bishop says. "But people have to weigh the tradeoffs. With larger doses of aspirin comes the increase danger of ulcers and vascular bleeds."

Bishop说：“服用阿司匹林肯定会有诸多方面的帮助，”“但人们大都会思前顾后，因为大剂量的服用伴随而来的便是溃疡与血管出血的风险性增大。”

Eric Jacobs, an epidemiologist with the American Cancer Society, said in statement that "there is good evidence that long-term regular aspirin use can also modestly reduce risk of colorectal cancer in people who do not have Lynch syndrome."

美国癌症协会流行病学专家Eric Jacobs在一篇报道中提到：“有证据表明，没有林奇综合症的病患长期服用阿司匹林，也会稍稍降低患结肠（直肠）癌的风险。”

"However, aspirin use is not currently recommended specifically for cancer prevention because even low-dose aspirin can increase risk of serious stomach bleeding."

无论怎样，当下仍不建议阿司匹林用于预防癌症，因为，即使是小剂量亦会增加胃出血的风险。

Aspirin use should be discussed with a health care provider, he says.

他说，阿司匹林一定要在健康中心或相关机构的建议下正确使用。

There are many ways to help prevent colorectal cancer, Jacobs adds. "All people 50 or older should get tested for colon cancer, so that precancerous polyps can be found and removed before they ever turn into cancer. In addition, maintaining a healthy weight, being physically active, not smoking and eating less red meat can help lower risk of colorectal cancer."

Jacobs补充到：“目前已经有诸多途径进行癌症的预防，那些50岁以上的人们应该去医院进行结肠癌检测，为了防止衍变成癌症之前，应尽早检测癌前息肉并去除。另外，保持健康的体重，经常进行体育锻炼，不吸烟，不吃脂肪含量偏高的食物均能帮助降低患结肠（直肠）癌的风险。”

Funding for the study came from several medical groups in the United Kingdom, Bayer and other companies.

研究成果来自英国数家医疗机构，拜耳及其他公司。