【国家地理】人类头脑的组图

原作者：
来源Brain Pictures, Brain Photos -- National Geographic
译者3yan2yu

Human Brain

人类的脑子

Photograph by Fred Hossler/Getty Images

摄影：Fred Hossler/格蒂图片

The human brain is a 3-pound (1.4-kilogram) mass of jelly-like fats and tissues—yet it's the most complex of all known living structures. Up to one trillion nerve cells work together and coordinate the physical actions and mental processes that set humans apart from other species.

人类的大脑是一个重为3磅（1.4公斤）的果冻状脂肪和组织的物质——可是它是目前已知的所有生命结构中最复杂的。多达一万亿个神经细胞在一起工作以协调身体各部分的动作和心理过程，使得人类区别于其他的物种。

Brain and Cervical Spinal Cord

头脑和颈脊髓

Image by 3D4Medical.com/Getty Images

摄影： 3D4Medical.com/格蒂图片

A rear view of the skull reveals the brain and the cervical spinal cord, which function together as the central nervous system. The remarkable apparatus uses motor neurons to control the body's many muscles and enables humans to perform myriad physical activities.

头颅的后视图展现了头脑和颈部脊髓，它们作为中枢神经系统共同发挥作用。这些重要的生理器官运用运动神经元来控制身体各部分的肌肉，使人类能够执行许多物理动作。

Brain's Neural PathwaysBrain's Neural Pathways

头脑中的神经通路

Image by 3D4Medical.com/Getty Images

摄影： 3D4Medical.com/格蒂图片

The human brain may contain up to one trillion neurons. These nerve cells are interconnected, as shown in this microscopic image, so that they can transmit electrical impulses—and information—to other cells.

人类的大脑可能包含着多达1万亿的神经元。这些神经细胞是相互关联的，就如这个显微镜可见的图像那样，因此它们可以传递电脉冲和信息到其他的细胞。

Brain MRI Scan

磁共振的脑成像扫描

Photograph by Ken Glaser/Corbis

摄影：Ken Glaser/考比斯

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques provide an extremely detailed, 3-D view of a living brain. The technique is critical for identifying abnormalities such as tumors, spotting the warning signs of some brain diseases, and revealing the extent of trauma from strokes.

磁共振成像（MRI）技术提供了一个活人大脑的非常详细的三维视图。这种技术对于识别如肿瘤等大脑异常，发现某些警告信号和展现中风所造成的头脑创伤程度是非常重要的。

Slice of Human Brain

人脑的切片

Photograph by Cary Wolinsky

摄影：Cary Wolinsky

Thanks to precision cutting techniques, researchers are able to examine a paper-thin slice of human brain. Surgeons can also cut living brains without fear of hurting their patients—the organ is incapable of feeling pain.

幸而有精密切割技术，研究人员可以研究人类大脑的像纸一样的薄片。外科医生还可以切割活人的大脑，而不用担心伤害他们的病人——这个器官无法感觉疼痛的。

Brain Tumor Removal

切除脑肿瘤

Photograph by Cary Wolinsky

摄影：Cary Wolinsky

Skillful surgeons at UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, California, remove a tumor from a woman's brain. Malignant tumors indicate often lethal brain conditions, but even nonmalignant growths can preempt normal brain activity. Any tumor may compress regions of the brain and increase internal pressure, upsetting the organ's delicate functional balance.

加利福尼亚州加州大学洛杉矶分校医疗中心的熟练外科医生在一个女人的大脑中切除肿瘤。恶性肿瘤往往表明是致命的脑疾病，即使是良性的肿瘤，它也可以优先占有正常的大脑活动。任何肿瘤都可以压缩的大脑所占有的区域并增加脑内部的压力，破坏大脑器官的微妙功能。

Brain Surgery Patient

作脑部手术的病人

Photograph by Joe McNally/Getty Images

摄影：Joe McNally/格蒂图片

A Baltimore, Maryland, epileptic patient performs tests designed to identify the source of his seizures. Surgeons placed electrodes in his brain that will record which parts of the organ become active when he performs a variety of physical and mental tasks.

在马里兰州的巴尔的摩，外科医生对癫痫病人进行测试，以确定他癫痫发作的根源。医生在他的大脑中放置了电极，以记录他在执行各种生理和心理任务时，脑器官中那些部位会活跃起来。

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