天使抑或魔鬼？

原作者：
来源Angel Or Devil?（天使或恶魔？）
译者danag

In 1954 Vladimir Demikhov shocked the world by showing a monster created surgically, it was a two-headed dog. The scientist created this animal in a lab on Moscow outskirts. He transplanted a head, shoulders and front legs of a puppy on a neck of an adult German shepherd.      

1954年弗拉基米尔•德米科霍夫（Vladimir Demikhov）展示了他通过手术造就的怪物——一只双头狗。在莫斯科郊外的一个实验室里，他将一只小狗的头、肩膀和前腿移植到了一只成年德国牧羊犬的脖子上。

Demikhov showed this dog to reporters from all over the world. Both heads breathed, played and simultaneously lapped milk from bowls. The second head always tried to bite the ears of the first one. These unique moments were filmed.  

德米科霍夫向来自世界各地的记者展示他的“作品”。狗的两个头都能呼吸、活动，并能同时舔食碗里的牛奶。第二个头总想去咬第一个的耳朵。这罕见的时刻被镜头记录了下来。

This operation was planned and realized by Demikhov despite prohibitions of the Health Ministry. Vladimir operated with his collaborator V.  Gorianov in a basement of the Institute of Sklifosovsky, because there was no place in the Institute of Surgery for such experiments. The Soviet scientist made his experiments with a bad light, on wooden tables, using an old vacuum cleaner instead of a compressor. But then the whole world spoke about them. There were no appropriate conditions for the dogs care and the Demikhovs took the dogs to their home in a communal flat.

尽管有卫生部的禁令，德米科霍夫还是计划并实施了手术。他同助手拉兹古洛夫选择了斯奇利弗所夫斯基研究所的一间地下室，因为外科研究所没有合适的地方。他们的手术在一张木桌子上，借着糟糕的光线进行，用一台旧真空吸尘器代替压缩机。接下来，全世界都开始谈论他们。没有合适的环境为这只狗提供护理，德米科霍夫把狗带回了自己住的公共单元房。

For only fifteen years Demikhov created twenty two-headed dogs. None of them lived for a long time, as they inevitably died because of the tissue rejection. One month was a record period for these dogs.

The scientist explained that these animals were connected by blood vessels, they had a mutual blood circulation. Moreover, a little dog had an ablated heart and lungs, so it lived due to respiration and blood circulation of a big dog. This strange experience was made in order to check whether it was possible to save a sick person by “connecting” him with a blood circulation of another person.

德米科霍夫解释说这些动物通过血管相连，共用一套血液循环系统。除此之外，小狗被切除了心脏和肺，要依靠大狗的呼吸系统和血液循环系统。做这些奇怪的实验是为了要知道能否通过把一个病人同另一个人的血液循环“连接”起来来救治他。

The main purpose of his experiments was to learn to transplant a human heart and lungs. In 1967 this goal was reached by another surgeon, Doctor Christian Barnard, however, many people admitted that Demikhov “paved” the way for the achievement of this goal. Barnard considered Demikhov his master during all his life. 

他进行实验的主要目的是为了掌握人类心脏和肺的移植。1967年，这一目标由另外一名外科医生克里斯蒂安•巴纳德（ Christian Barnard）达成。不过，许多人承认德米科霍夫为实现这一目标铺就了道路。巴纳德终生都把德米科霍夫当做自己的导师。

By looking at this dog it’s hard to imagine that it has two hearts. But it is true. Doctor Demikhov listens carefully two hearts beating. 

看着这只狗，很难想象它有两个心脏，但这是真的。德米科霍夫仔细倾听两个心脏的跳动。

Demikhov walks with a dog named Grishka that had a transplanted second heart .

Demikhov can be considered as the founder of the world transplantology.  

德米科霍夫称得上是世界器官移植的奠基人。

And what is your attitude to such experiments? Do you think the science development is worth lives of animals?

你对上述实验有何看法？你认为科学实验值得动物们付出生命吗？

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