16招教你有效管理时间

原作者：
来源16 Tips for Better Time Management
译者风筝飘带

Every day has just 24 hours - and this applies to all people. Some people are constantly pursuit and pushed by time. This article is about how we can learn to manage our valuable time more effectively.

　　每一天都只有24小时--对任何人来说都是如此。有些人总是把事情拖到最后一刻。本文就来教教你如何更加有效地规划我们宝贵的时间。

In reality we cannot manage time, we can only manage ourselves and our relationship with time. After all, how we use (or utilize) our time is largely a matter of habit. And habits are not that easy to change.

　　在现实生活中，我们不能真正“管理”时间，我们只能规划我们自己运用时间的方式。毕竟，个人如何运用时间说到底主要是一种习惯，而习惯是很难改变的。

To organize and manage our time - and generally our life- we need to clarify what are our objectives, this means we need to identify what to organize and make sure we know where we want to be and be ready to accept the possible 'cost'. In order for us to be able to change how we operate, we first need to 'consider' and understand how we use our time now.

　　想要合理组织和规划我们的时间--或者更广泛地说，我们的生活--我们需要明确自己的目标。也就是说，我们要了解自己到底需要组织好哪些事务，最终想达到什么结果，以及其中可能付出什么代价。在改变我们自己的运作方式之前，我们首先要知道自己目前是如何运用时间的。

How do you usually spend your time:

　　我们通常是这样花掉很多时间的：

Interruptions from others (telephone calls - visits)

　　　　--来自他人的干扰（比如电话，上门访问等）

Doing work that should be assigned to others

　　　　--接手本该由别人完成的工作

Indecision

　　　　--犹豫不决

Lack of adequate information about what you have undertaken to do

　　　　--对于你担任的工作缺乏必需的信息

Unclear priorities

　　　　--分不清什么事情应该优先完成

Lack of planning

　　　　--缺乏计划

Stress and tiredness

　　　　--受到压力和疲倦的困扰

Inability to say «no»

　　　　--不会拒绝别人

Lack of organization in your surroundings, and that also disrupt you

　　　　--处在混乱的工作环境中，这也会干扰你的心情

Lack of flexibility - very tight, rigid and unrealistic planning, etc. are some factors that have the ability to swallow your time!

　　　　--缺乏灵活性--刻板、不现实的计划往往会大量吞蚀你的时间！

In addition, disorganization and misuse of our time is supported and maintained by the following perceptions:

　　此外，以下这些想法也会导致不合理地运用时间：

'Leave it for one more day', never mind we will do everything tomorrow

　　　　--“再拖一天吧”，没关系，凡事都可以留到明天

I perform better under pressure

　　　　--压力大时我表现更好

Others are delayed, why not me?

　　　　--别人也在拖延，我为什么不行？

I cannot start something if I do not know exactly how to finish it

　　　　--如果我不知道如何完成某事，那就索性不要开始做这件事

I cannot be under pressure, I want to be free

　　　　--我不愿意有压力，我喜欢轻松自在

I cannot deny to others my help

　　　　--别人找我帮忙时我无法拒绝

Better to do everything myself, I have to be in control

　　　　--凡事还是自己做比较好，容易控制

I do not have time to deal with the organization and management of my time

　　　　--我没有时间去组织、管理我的时间

The «chaos» and the disruption may mean lack of motivation or even avoid lack of accountability.

　　如果你总是觉得日子过得混里混沌、支离破碎，那么你实际上有可能对所做的事情缺乏积极性或者责任感。

In these cases the problem is not as «obvious» as one - small or large-difficulty in organizing and managing time, so you may need to locate and review your perceptions about the responsibilities, incentives and priorities and wonder who is the one who «loses» besides you by this attitude.

　　在这种情况下，问题可能不仅仅是不会规划那么简单。你可能需要重新定位、审视自己对这件事情所负的责任、可能获得的奖励、事情的优先程度如何，并且思考一下除了你自己之外，还有谁会因为你这样的态度而成为输家。

If you are resisting the idea of time management because you prefer to be more free and spontaneous, it might help to think that the effort is not aimed at making us 'slaves' to one more schedule, but rather to liberate us from stress and inconvenience created from the bad management of our time.

　　如果你比较向往无拘无束的生活，因此而不愿学习时间规划，那么想想吧：我们这样做的目的并不是让自己成为某个计划的奴隶，而是尽可能减少失败的时间规划所导致的压力和不便，使自己免受其害。

Below there are 16 tips that can help you manage your time better. Do not forget that you can also join life coaching courses that can also help you manage your life better, not only in terms of time management.

　　下面介绍１６种可以帮助你更好地规划时间的方法。别忘了，你也可以参加生活指导课程，这除了帮助你管理时间外，更会让你的整个生活变得更好。

What you can do to manage your time better?

　　怎样才能更好地规划时间呢？

The skills needed for time management are planning, organization, self-control and delegation (delegating responsibilities to others). In that respect the following 16 tips can be useful:

　　时间管理的几个基本技能包括：合理计划，组织，自我约束，以及委托他人（将某些事情交给别人）。以下是１６条小贴士：

1. Log your activities

１．记录你的日常活动

Keep a weekly log of activities in which you will record for 2 -3 weeks everything you do per hour when you're awake, how much time you allocated for everyone, how much time you did nothing special or important, how much time you rest, sleep etc.

　　每周对你的活动做记录，持续２－３周。记录的内容包括你起床后每小时所做的一切事情，在别人身上所花的时间，无所事事的时间，休息、睡觉的时间，等等。

2. Clear out what are your obligations

２．明确哪些事情是你必须做的

Locate the points on which you could make some changes and clear out which of these are actually your obligations and responsibilities or if they are obligations you undertook without having enough time either by habit or because you did not say no.

　　有些事情在适当的时候可以稍作改变。明确哪些事情是你必须做的，哪些是你处于习惯或者未能拒绝别人而在时间不够的情况下接手的。

3. Indentify your deadlines

３．列出你的任务截止日期

Record in an initial list what you should do and when it must be completed, divide the activities per day / week and long-term goals, to get a clear picture of what you have to do and when.

　　列一个清单，写出你必须完成的任务和截止时间。将其按照本日/本周/长期目标划分，一目了然。

4. Do you forget personal and social activities

4. 别忘了私事和社交活动

The activities and objectives should not only include professional activities or other obligations, but also personal and social activities, so your program should cover all your needs.

　　你要规划的活动不仅仅局限于工作，也得包括自己的私事和社交活动，这样你的安排就能覆盖到你所有的需求。

5. Organize your goals

5.管理你的目标

Organize your goals based on two criteria: degree of urgency and importance:

　　目标的管理有两个标准：紧要性和重要性

a) Should be done today - tomorrow, etc.,

　　a）必须今天（或明天）完成

b) Should be done at 'that date'. Set a date,

　　b) 必须在某天完成（设定一个时间）

c) Can postpone it for so many days,

　　c) 可以拖延若干天

d) Can ask someone else to do it

　　d) 可以找别人完成

Start from the most important and urgent

　　从最重要和最紧要的任务入手

6. Delegation

6. 委托他人

When you delegate something to someone else, you need to decide what is it, who is best qualified to undertake it, what information you would pass, but mainly you have to undertake the responsibility together and accept the fact that it will not be executed as exactly you would have done it.

　　当你把某项事务委托给他人的时候，你首先要挑选一件事务及能够胜任的人选，以及了解你需要预先告诉他什么信息。但是你们通常要共同承担责任，并且你要做好心理准备，别人做这件事情的方式可能与你不同。

7. Identify your priorities

7. 明确你的优先事务

Locate deadlines, expire items, etc. These should be in the top of your list!

　　找到那些截止日期临近的事务，这些应当首先完成。

8. Clean up your list

8. 整理你的清单

Make a list of everything you think that they are not helping / benefiting you and do not do them!

　　列一个清单写出你认为没有必要做的事情，然后就不要去做这些事情了！

9. Focus

9. 专注

Concentrate only on one goal at a time. Otherwise, if while dealing with something you think everything you can do after (tomorrow, the rest of week, next month, the rest of your life…), most likely you will get bored and disappointed. It is like every time you eat you think all meals you must eat in your life! The bored ness is guaranteed only with the thought!

　　每一次只专注于一个目标。否则，如果你在做一件事情的时候还在想着之后要做的其他事情（比如明天、本周、下个月、下半辈子的事情），你很有可能会厌倦手头工作，心情沮丧。这就好比你每次吃饭的时候都在想着你下半辈子每顿饭吃什么！不厌倦才怪呢！

10. Work environment

10.工作的环境

Create a suitable environment to work, one that fits your way.

　　创造一个适合自己的工作环境。

11. Be realistic

11. 现实一点

Make sure that your objectives are realistic and do not try for the impossible.

　　确定你的目标是现实的，不要好高骛远。

12. Plan for the unpredicatable

12. 准备应对突发状况

Include in your programme (schedule) unpredictable items and situations (e.g. problems with the computer): allow an extra time gap to adjust your program if necessary.

　　在你的日程计划里加入突发情况（比如电脑故障），在你的计划表里留出可以灵活支配的时间。

13. Motivate your self

13. 提高自己的积极性

Do not let boredom to discourage you if what you have to complete is boring, find motivation: consider the advantages when you finish, like the feeling of satisfaction, relief and freedom that will get when you complete this obligation, and that you can have your self under control! Do not underestimate the boring obligations (eg home cleaning and other tasks related to running your home). When neglected they tend to become a mountain!

　　如果你要做的工作比较没劲，千万别因此而垂头丧气，应该积极一点：想想你完成工作时候的满足感和自由感，想想你可以控制自己的情绪! 不要小看了一些没劲的活儿（比如打扫房间等）。如果你忽视它们，它们倒可能像一座大山横在你的面前！

14. Say "NO"

14.学会说“不”

Learn to say «no» in other activities, requests, people who eat (utilize) your time (unless indeed that very moment is necessary for your to help them). Turn off your phone and lock the door, to avoid unnecessary interruptions from others.

　　面对不必要的活动、要求，学会向试图占用你时间的人说“不” （当然了，急需帮助的人例外）。关掉电话，锁上门，以避免别人不必要的打扰。

15. Utilize your capabilities

15.发挥你的潜能

Use your biological rhythms to guide you: locate and utilize the hours of the day you're most active and fruitful.

　　让你的生物钟来指导你：找出你一天中最活跃、效率最高的时间。

16. Compromise

16. 妥协

Give yourself the right and excuse that in some days you may not be productive. If nothing else, you will have the change to be more productive in other days!

　　在某些日子，你可能效率不高，这时应该原谅自己。正常来说，过几天你又会恢复到高效的状态！

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